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PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的MRI和MRS诊断北京大学第一医院医学影像科王霄英PekingUniversityFirstHospital•前列腺概述•前列腺癌的MRI诊断•前列腺癌的MRS诊断PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺•由纤维、肌肉和腺体组织构成的腺体PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺的功能•分泌前列腺液•构成精液•营养精子PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌•来源:前列腺的外周带•发病率:东西方具有差异–美国—75.3/100000•为最常见的男性恶性肿瘤•发病率第一位–中国—2.41/100000•随着人们饮食习惯的改变和医疗水平的发展,前列腺癌的临床发病率逐年增高。PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的临床表现•大多数病人无症状–在体检时发现–在良性前列腺增生手术标本中发现•典型症状–排尿困难–血尿–尿潴留–病理骨折、骨痛PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的分期分级•A期•B期•C期•D期•分期和分级决定治疗方案和病人的预后PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的治疗方法•根治性切除:B期以下•非手术治疗:C期以上–内分泌治疗–放疗–冷冻–其它PekingUniversityFirstHospital手术并发症•尿道狭窄•尿失禁•性功能障碍•多器官衰竭•复发、转移•心、脑、肺、血管意外PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌诊治的核心问题•早期发现•根治性治疗•长期随访PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的常用检查手段•直肠指诊•实验室检查•TRUS•CT•同位素骨扫描•MRI•MRSPekingUniversityFirstHospital•前列腺概述•前列腺癌的MRI诊断•前列腺癌的MRS诊断PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的MRI检查技术•体线圈MRI•直肠内线圈(ERC)MRI–FSE序列:T2抑脂显示病灶更敏感–与PPA联合使用:显示范围更大–造影剂增强:动态增强有意义–CT-MRI图像整合:可用于放疗定位PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺的解剖•部位:–膀胱下方–包绕尿道PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺的分带解剖是MRI诊断的基础PekingUniversityFirstHospital正常前列腺的MRI表现T2WI(FATSAT)T1WIPekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌病灶的MRI表现–信号改变–肿瘤大小和位置PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital与前列腺癌分期有关的表现突破包膜神经血管束侵犯精囊侵犯膀胱侵犯盆底肌侵犯直肠侵犯淋巴结转移骨转移分期决定治疗PekingUniversityFirstHospital与前列腺癌分期有关的表现突破包膜神经血管束侵犯精囊侵犯膀胱侵犯盆底肌侵犯直肠侵犯淋巴结转移骨转移PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital与前列腺癌分期有关的表现突破包膜神经血管束侵犯精囊侵犯膀胱侵犯盆底肌侵犯直肠侵犯淋巴结转移骨转移PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital与前列腺癌分期有关的表现突破包膜神经血管束侵犯精囊侵犯膀胱侵犯盆底肌侵犯直肠侵犯淋巴结转移骨转移PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital与前列腺癌分期有关的表现突破包膜神经血管束侵犯精囊侵犯膀胱侵犯盆底肌侵犯直肠侵犯淋巴结转移骨转移PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital与前列腺癌分期有关的表现突破包膜神经血管束侵犯精囊侵犯膀胱侵犯盆底肌侵犯直肠侵犯淋巴结转移骨转移PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital与前列腺癌分期有关的表现突破包膜神经血管束侵犯精囊侵犯膀胱侵犯盆底肌侵犯直肠侵犯淋巴结转移骨转移PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的分期诊断•TNM分期PekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌的分期诊断•Jewett分期PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalB期以下的前列腺癌可首选根治性前列腺切除术!PekingUniversityFirstHospitalC期以上的前列腺癌只适合非手术治疗!PekingUniversityFirstHospital鉴别诊断•前列腺增生(BPH)•前列腺肉瘤PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital鉴别诊断•前列腺增生(BPH)•前列腺肉瘤PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌处理后随访•活检后改变•手术后•内分泌治疗后PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌处理后随访•活检后改变•手术后•内分泌治疗后PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital前列腺癌处理后随访•活检后改变•手术后•内分泌治疗后PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital•前列腺概述•前列腺癌的MRI诊断•前列腺癌的MRS诊断PekingUniversityFirstHospitalMRS在前列腺癌诊断中的应用•生化研究表明正常和增生的前列腺组织含有较多的枸椽酸盐,而前列腺癌组织含量很低。所以可使用枸橼酸盐的含量为标准来鉴别癌和非癌组织。由于缺乏绝对数值标准,临床上常测量枸椽酸盐、胆碱和肌酐的比率。前列腺癌、BPH和正常前列腺外周带的胆碱、肌酐和枸橼酸盐的比率已有准确的定量测定结果,且三者之间几乎没有交叉,所以根据这个比率就可鉴别不同性质的病变。另外,将MRS结果叠加在T2图像上,可以非常明确地标出病灶位置,指导活检,鉴别治疗后复发、坏死和BPH,比TRUS和常规MRI效果更好。PekingUniversityFirstHospitalMRS检查技术•直肠内线圈序列:3D-PROSEPekingUniversityFirstHospital根据谱线可做出组织特异性诊断PekingUniversityFirstHospital3DMRS可得到代谢图PekingUniversityFirstHospital将代谢图与解剖图叠加可得到更直观的结果PekingUniversityFirstHospital病例1:前列腺轻度增生,外周带正常。PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital病例2:前列腺癌,位于左侧外周带,右侧正常。PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalCitratemapCholinemapPekingUniversityFirstHospital病例3:前列腺穿刺活检术后。右侧肯定癌。左侧出血,可疑癌。PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalCitratemapCholinemapPekingUniversityFirstHospital病例4:前列腺近距离放疗后,右叶残留癌,左叶代谢萎缩。PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospitalCholinemapPekingUniversityFirstHospital病例5:前列腺根治性切除术后,前列腺癌复发。PekingUniversityFirstHospitalPekingUniversityFirstHospital总之:对于前列腺癌•MRI根据病灶的信号和形态做出诊断•MRS根据病灶的代谢信息做出诊断•将二者结合能提高诊断的准确率PekingUniversityFirstHospital谢谢!
本文标题:前列腺癌的MRI和MRS诊断 -王宵英
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