高级英语1何兆熊 U5-Conservatives and Liberals

Unit5ConservativesandLiberals新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1电子教案3DetailedReadingContents24516WarmUpGlobalReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancementTextAppreciationSection1:WarmUpPoliticalQuiz:Wheredoyoustandpolitically?Whatpoliticalcategorydoyouthinkyoufitinto,theconservativetypeortheliberaltype?Wheredoyoustandonimportantnationalissues?ThepoliticalmapontheQuizgivesanaccuraterepresentationofthetrue,diversepoliticalworld.TheQuizmeasurestendencies,notabsolutes.Lead-inBackgroundInformationHowdoyoustandonPERSONALISSUES?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformation20100Governmentshouldnotcensorspeech,press,mediaorInternet.AMDMilitaryserviceshouldbevoluntary.Thereshouldbenodraft.AMDThereshouldbenolawsregardingsexbetweenconsentingadults.AMDRepeallawsprohibitingadultpossessionanduseofdrugs.AMDThereshouldbenoNationalIDcard.AMDScoring:Foreachstatement,circleAifyouAgree,MforMaybe(ordon’tknow),orDifyouDisagree.20foreveryA,10foreveryM,and0foreveryD.HowdoyoustandonECONOMICISSUES?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformation20100End“corporatewelfare.”Nogovernmenthandoutstobusiness.AMDEndgovernmentbarrierstointernationalfreetrade.AMDLetpeoplecontroltheirownretirement:privatizeSocialSecurity.AMDReplacegovernmentwelfarewithprivatecharity.AMDCuttaxesandgovernmentspendingby50%ormore.AMDScoring:Foreachstatement,circleAifyouAgree,MforMaybe(ordon’tknow),orDifyouDisagree.20foreveryA,10foreveryM,and0foreveryD.Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationFindyourscoreonthechart.MarkyourPERSONALscoreonthelower-leftscale;yourECONOMICscoreonthelower-right.Thenfollowthegridlinesuntiltheymeetatyourpoliticalposition.Thechartshowsthepoliticalgroupthatagreeswithyoumost.Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationWhatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean?Libertarianssupportagreatdealoflibertyandfreedomofchoiceinbothpersonalandeconomicmatters.Theybelievegovernments’onlypurposeistoprotectpeoplefromcoercionandviolence.Theyvalueindividualresponsibility,andtolerateeconomicandsocialdiversity.LibertariansSection1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationWhatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean?Left(liberals)generallyembracefreedomofchoiceinpersonalmatters,butsupportcentraldecision-makingineconomics.Theywantthegovernmenttohelpthedisadvantagedinthenameoffairness.Leftiststoleratesocialdiversity,butworkforwhattheymightdescribeas“economicequality”.Left(liberals)Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationWhatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean?Right(conservatives)Right(conservatives)favorfreedomofchoiceoneconomicissuesbutwantofficialstandardsinpersonalmatters.Theytendtosupportthefreemarket,butfrequentlywantthegovernmenttodefendthecommunityfromwhattheyseeasthreatstomoralityortothetraditionalfamilystructure.Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationWhatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean?CentristsCentristsfavorselectivegovernmentinterventionandemphasizewhattheycommonlydescribeas“practicalsolutions”tocurrentproblems.Theytendtokeepanopenmindonpoliticalissues.Manycentristsfeelthatgovernmentservesasacheckonexcessiveliberty.Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationWhatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean?Statistswantgovernmenttohaveagreatdealofcontroloverindividualsandsociety.Theysupportcentralizedplanning,andoftendoubtwhetherlibertyandfreedomofchoicearepracticaloptions.StatistsSection1:WarmUpAbouttheAuthorRalphWaldoEmersonwasbornonMay25,1803inBoston,Massachusetts.HeiswidelyregardedasoneofAmerica’smostinfluentialauthors,philosophersandthinkers.In1836,Emersonexpressedthemainprincipleofhisphilosophy,knownasTranscendentalism,intheessay“Nature”,inwhichEmersonheldthatknowledgecanbeobtainedbystudyingthoughtratherthanbypracticalexperience.1803-1882BackgroundInformationLead-inSection1:WarmUpEmersonurgedindependentthinkingandstressedthatnotalllife’sanswersarefoundinbooks.InhisTheAmericanScholaraddressedtothePhiBetaKappaSocietyatCambridgein1837,Emersonstatedthat:“Booksarethebestofthings,wellused;abused,amongtheworst.”Hebelievedthatascholarlearnsbestbyengaginglife.Emerson’sessayson“TheConductofLife”outlinewhatonemightdotoengagelife“skillfully”.ThisessayisanexcerptfromalectureWaldoEmersongaveattheMasonicTemple,Boston,onDecember9,1841,andwaspublishedaspartofNature:AddressesandLecturesin1849togetherwith“TheTranscendentalist”,anepoch-makingessayinthehistoryofAmericanculturalthoughts.BackgroundInformationLead-inSection1:WarmUpSaturnSaturn,inRomanreligionandmythology,godofharvests,lateridentifiedwiththeGreekKronos.Littleisknownoftheoriginsofhiscult.HisreignwasregardedastheGoldenAge.HewasthehusbandofOpsandthefatherofJupiter,Juno,Ceres,Pluto,andNeptune.ItwassaidthatafterthefalloftheTitans,SaturnfledtoItaly,wherehesettledontheCapitolineHill,civilizedthepeople,andtaughtthemtheartsofagriculture.BackgroundInformationLead-inSection1:WarmUpUranusUranus,inGreekreligionandmythology,theheaven,firstruleroftheuniverse,sonofGaea(theearth).HewasthefatherofGaea’schildren,theTitans,theCyclopes,andtheHundred-handedOnes(theHecatoncheires).Fearingthathischildrenwouldrebelagainsthim,heimprisonedthem,butKronos,orSaturnintheRomanmythology,aTitan,withth