The introduction of the old war

TheIntroductionoftheColdWarWhatistheColdWar?HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheColdWar?DefinitionTheColdWar(approx.1945–1991)isacontinuingstateofpoliticalandmilitarytensionbetweenthepowersofthewesternworld,andthecommunistworld.洋公约组织）TheEasternGroupTheWarsawTreatyOrganization(华沙条约组织)TheWesternGroupNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO)(北大西洋公约组织)BackgroundandreasonsProceduresandStepsContentsMajorissuesoftheColdWarTheeffectsoftheColdWar•Thereweredeep-rootedideological,economicandpoliticaldifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionbeforetheSecondWorldWar.ThesedifferenceswereintensifiedasaresultoftheirmutualsuspicionsimmediatelyaftertheSecondWorldWar.Background(1)Underlyingcauses(i)Ideological(意识形态的)(ii)Economic(iii)Powerrivalry(竞争)(2)ImmediateCausesLeadingtotheColdWar(i)ExtensionofRussianinfluenceinEurope(ii)ThereactionsoftheUnitedStates(iii)PoorrelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionReasonsConflictsSovietUnionTheUSAtomaintainitshighstatusandpowerintheworldtocontrolandrulethewholeworldTheU.S.-ledcapitalistcampSovietUnionsocialistcampPolicyTrumansocialist杜鲁门主义EuropeancommunistpartyEconomyMarshallplan马歇尔计划Helpeachother经互会GermanproblemFederalrepublicofGermanyGermandemocracticrepublicMilitaryEstablishedNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationPlanWarsawTreatyOrganizationItalyItalyAugust24,theNorthAtlanticTreatyenteredintoforce.TheSigningofNATOBelgiumHollandIceland,DenmarkLuxembourgNorway,Portugal,AmericaCanadaEnglandFranceApril4,1949TheSigningoftheWarsawTreatyOrganizationMay14,1955,MarshalZhukovtheWarsawTreatyOrganizationwasestablishedSpaceRaceOctober4.1957launchedSputnikI['spʌtnɪk]史泼尼克1号,thefirstartificialsatelliteintogeocentricorbit地心轨道April12,1961:YuriGagarin尤里·加加林becamefirsthumaninspaceApollo11landedonthemoononJuly16,1969.BerlinWallbulitin1961Demolishedin1989•TheCubanMissileCrisis(1962)KhrushchevandKennedyOctober15,1962~October28ThelocalHotWarstheKoreanWartheVietnamWartheAfghanistanIssueTheKoreanWar(1950~1953)June25,1950,TheVietnamWar(1955~1975)American’sWaterlooTheAfghanistanIssue(1979~1989)SovietUnionwantedtocontroltheIndianOceanthroughholdingAfghanistanforreachingthegoaloftakingovertheworld.PeriodFirstPeriodSecondPeriodThirdPeriodTimemidof50stomidof60smidof60stotheendof70s80stothebeginningof90sSovietUnion'sLeaderKhrushchev赫鲁晓夫brezhnev勃列日涅夫Gorbachev戈尔巴乔夫TheUS'LeaderKennedyNixonReganMajorissuesSecondBerlinCrisisCubanMissileCrisisWarinAfghanistanFeaturesEasethetensionTheadvantageintheAmericanTheSovietoffensiveAmericandefenseUSAflintlySovietfeebleFirst,sofarthelargestandthemostaffected,thelongest,themostwidelyspreadwar.TheeffectsoftheColdWarSecond,EasternEuropeandAsiawitnessedaseriesfoundationofpeople'sdemocraticcountries.Third,itpromoteddepthdevelopmentofthenationalliberationmovements.Fourth,theUnitedNationswasborn.Fifth,itpromotedtheawakeningofpeace-lovingpeople.Sixth,itobjectivelypromotedthedevelopmentoftechnology.