英文 二战广岛长崎原子弹事件

Page1SS-11WW2ResearchPage2Bytheendof1944,afterthebloodystruggle,theUnitedStatesMarineCorpspayedagreatcosttogettheislandofSaipan.ThefulloccupationoftheMarianaIslandswasmeaningunusual.TherewasmorethantwothousandkilometersfromTokyo.ItwasthefirsttimefortheUnitedStatescanmakeairattacktoJapanIsland.Therewasatotalofmorethan800B-29bomberinTinianandSaipan.Theycancarryseveraltonsofbombsonaflightofmorethantwothousandkilometers,bombingofTokyo,Nagoya,Kobe,dozensofroundsdown,the65citieshavebeenthealmostcompleteabsenceofbuildings.Atthesametime,therewerealsoanumberofB-29typeofbomberpilotsinaspecialtraining.TheirorganizationwasnamedNO.509.TheuseoftheB-29bomberaircrafthadbeenmodified,inordertomakefasterandmoreflexible,allheavyweaponsareremoved.Theirtrainingwasverymonotonous:capableofcarrying10tonsofbombsoneachtankisonly1bombs,butthrowingthebomb,thebombflightdistanceshouldbemorethan9000meters,thepointtargetmustbewithin300meters.Background1945Page3Background1945InApril12,1945,thewhitehouse.ApainterinthepaintingportraitstoPresidentRoosevelt,thepresidentsuddenlycoma,anddiedintheafternoon.Intheevening,VicePresidentHarryTrumanwassworninaspresidentoftheUnitedstates.Justaminute.Intheevening,theSecretaryofthearmytoldthenewpresident,theonethingheneverheard,afewyearsago,PresidentRooseveltacceptedtherecommendationofthefamousphysicistAlbertEinstein,decidedtostartanewweapontodevelopakindofunprecedentedpower.Plannedtokeepstrictlyconfidential,exceptforfewpeople,allthepeopleengagedinthisworkdidnotknowtheirresearchwillbeusedwhere,didnotknowtheirproductswereusedtodo.Thiscouldcompletelyreversetheentirewarweaponswithin4monthsafteritwasdeveloped,itwascalledanatomicbomb.Page4Thecausesofthings1945.7.26InJuly26,1945,America,BritainandtheRepublicofChinaissuedaPotsdamdeclaration,urgedJapantosurrender.InJuly28th,theJapanesegovernmentrefusedtoacceptthePotsdamdeclaration.Forreasonsofmilitaryandpolitical,Americangovernmentinaccordancewiththeoriginalplan,usedtheatomicbombonJapan.Page5ProcessAteighto'clockonthemorningofAugust6,1945,3B-29fromtheskyintoHiroshimaocean.WhenalotofpeopleinHiroshimadidnotentertheshelter,butlookdedattheplane.Priortothis,B-29hasseveralconsecutivedaysfliedoverJapaneseairspacefortraining,but3aircraftsofthistime,therewasaaircraftwhichhadbeenfittedwitha5-tonofatomicbomb.AtthispointitwasorderedtobombHiroshima.Page6Video7Page8Page9Thestrongwavescausedbytheexplosionoftheatomicbomb,thousandsofpeoplebecameblind;Withmorethansixthousanddegreeheat,everythingturntoashes;radioactiverainmakessomepeopleinthenext20yearsslowlytodeath;shockwaveformationofthewind,destroyedallthebuildings.Intheexplosioncenterpolethepeopleandthings,liketheatomicseparationthatfall.Fromtheplaceinthecenterofalittlefaraway,canbeseenatthemomenttheburnedmenandwomenandchildren.Evensomeoftheplace,somepeoplewhoareluckytolive,butnottobesevereburns,isburnedaholeintwoeyes.In16kilometresaway,peoplecanstillfeelthehotair.Page10BUTHowever,thetragedyofHiroshimadidnotmakeJapanagreedtoacceptthePotsdamultimatumimmediately,unconditionalsurrender.TheytriedtocoverupthetruthofHiroshima,claimingthatameteoritefallinHiroshimacity.AndthattheU.S.hasonlyoneatomicbomb,alsoputtheirhopesintheSovietUniontomediate.ButinAugust8,1945,JapanobtainedfromtheleadersoftheSovietUnionwhichtheansweris:theJapanesecontinuetowar,refusedtoacceptthePotsdamProclamation,therefore,theJapanesegovernmentrequestedfortheSovietUnionmediationproposalhaslosteverythingfoundation.TheSovietgovernmenttocomplywiththeobligationsoftheUnitedNations,toacceptthedemandsoftheUnitedNations,announcedthatfromAugust9ththedeclarationofwaragainstjapan.Page11Then...IntheSovietUnionsenttroopstothedayateleventhirtyinthemorning,theUnitedStatesdroppedthesecondatomicbombonNagasakiinJapan.ThewholeNagasakiCitywith270000people,diedmorethanSIXTYTHOUSNDpeoplethatday,whichledtothetragedyofHiroshimaonceagain.Page12Finally...InAugust15,1945,theemperorofJapanissuedthesurrender.InSeptember2,1945,inTokyoBay,Missourionthedeckofthebattleship,theJapaneseForeignMinisterMamoruShigemitsuandchiefofstaffUmezuMeijirosignedthesurrenderdocument.Signingtimeisfourpastnine.Then,thesouthwestPacifictheatercommanderDouglasMacarthursignature.USA,China,BritainandtheSovietUnionandothercountriesatwarwithJapanacceptedtheJapanesesurrender.Page13MilestoneInJuly28,2014,theyeartheimplementationoftheHiroshimabombingmission,thelastoneofthebombercrewsTheodoreVanKirk,diedinAmericanGeorgiainanursinghome,attheageof93.Sofar,12bombercrewsHiroshimabombingmission,allpassedaway.2015isthe70anniversaryoftheHiroshimaandNagasakiatomicbombexplosion.WiththedeathofTheodoreVankirk,bringthehorrorsofthehistoricalwitnessalldiedfromtheairforthefirsttimeinhumanhistoryhaswitnessedanuclearattack.Page14EchosVanKirkwasinterviewedbythemediafortheatomicbombwaronceexpresseddisgust,butinsistedthattodroptheatomicbombonJapan'sdecisioniscorrect,becauseitacceleratesthesurrenderofJapanesemilitarism,fromalong-t