威廉华兹华斯 William_Wordsworth

TheRomanticPeriodRomanticMovementInthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury,anewliterarymovementaroseinEurope,calledtheRomanceRevival.ItmanifesteditselfnotonlyinEnglandbutalsoinGermanyandFrance.Itdisplayedthespiritofidealismasopposedtorealism.DuringtheRomanticperiod,Englishletterswerecharacterizedbyanemotionalandimaginativequalityandbyindividualityinstyle.oldergroupMajorwritersyoungergroupOldergroup:(NegativeRomanticism)Theso-calledLakeSchoolofEnglishpoets(WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey.)expressednewtheoriesastothesubject-matterandlanguageofpoetry.Thesethreepoetswereoftencalledastheolderpoets.Theymadeanimpressivecontributiontopoetry.ConservativeYoungergroup:(PositiveRomanticism)Thelaterromanticists(GeorgeGordonBryon,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats)werepoetsofrevoltwho,unliketheLakeSchool,neverrecantedtheirrevolutionaryprinciple.Thesethreepoetswereoftencalledastheyoungerpoets.Theydidawonderfulworkinshapingverse.RebelliousandaggressiveSothesethreepoetswerecalled“theSatanicSchool”byRobertSouthey.WilliamWordsworth•WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)wasoneofthegreatestpoetsofEngland.AstheleadingfigureoftheEnglishRomanticMovement,hehasmadegreatcontributioninpoetictheory.•“PoetLaureate”桂冠诗人Bornin1770WenttoGrammarSchoolin1778PublishedasonnetinTheEuropeanMagazinein1787summertourtoFrancein1790MetSamuelTaylorColeridgein1795ProducedLyricalBalladsin1798PublishedhisPoemsinTwoVolumesin1807BecamethePoetLaureatein1843Diedin1850WilliamWordsworth’slifeCompletedThePreludein1805MarriedMaryHutchinsonIn1802Biography：familyandeducation•Bornon7April1770inalawyer’sfamilyatCockermouthinCumberland—partofthescenicregioninnorth-westEngland,theLakeDistrict.•Afterthedeathoftheirmotherin1778(whenWilliamwas13),theirfathersentWilliamtoHawksheadGrammarSchoolandsentDorothy,hissister,tolivewithrelativesinYorkshire.HeandDorothydidnotmeetagainforanothernineyears.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewas13.•Wordsworthmadehisdebut(首次露面;初次登台)asawriterin1787whenhepublishedasonnetinTheEuropeanMagazine.ThatsameyearhebeganattendingStJohn'sCollege,Cambridge,andreceivedhisB.A.degreein1791.RelationshipwithAnnetteVallonInNovember1791,WordsworthvisitedRevolutionaryFranceandbecameenthralled([en'θrɔ:ld]被迷住的;被吸引住的)withtheRepublicanmovement.HefellinlovewithaFrenchwoman,AnnetteVallon,whoin1792gavebirthtotheirchild,Caroline.BecauseoflackofmoneyandBritain‘stensionswithFrance,hereturnedalonetoEnglandthenextyear.ThecircumstancesofhisreturnandhissubsequentbehaviorraisedoubtsastohisdeclaredwishtomarryAnnette.Buthesupportedherandhisdaughterasbesthecouldinlaterlife.Duringthisperiod,hewrotehisacclaimedItisabeauteous(['bju:tiəs]美丽的,美妙的)evening,calmandfree,recallinghisseasidewalkwithhiswife,whomhehadnotseenfortenyears.WarbetweenFranceandBritainpreventedhimfromseeingAnnetteandCarolineagainforseveralyears.In1802,withthePeaceofAmiensagainallowingtraveltoFrance,Wordsworthandhissister,DorothyvisitedAnnetteandCarolineinFranceandarrivedatamutuallyagreeablesettlementregardingWordsworth'sobligations.Wordsworth’sprincipleofpoetryHedeclaredthat“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling.”(“诗歌是强烈感情的自然流露”)Heappealeddirectlytoindividualsensationsasthefoundationinthecreationandappreciationofpoetry.(个人感觉是诗歌创作和鉴赏的源泉)Heheldtheviewthatpoetry“takesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility”.(“诗歌是平静中回忆起来的情感”)Astolanguageusedinpoetry,headvocatedusingthelanguageofthecommonpeople.Imaginationwasveryimportantinpoeticcreation.Wordsworth’swritingstyleWilliamWordsworth’spoemswerefreshinimagination,simple,plainandvividinlanguage.Hewasespeciallygoodatwritingaboutnatureandcommonpeople.Hencehewascalledthepoetofnature.HisMajorWorks•1.LyricalBallads(《抒情歌谣集》，1798)•2.LucyPoems(《露茜》，1799)•3.PoemsinTwoVolume(1807)•4.TheExcursion(《远足》,1814)•5.ThePrelude(《序曲》，1850)WilliamWordsworth,withhisfriendColeridge,collaboratedandpublishedtheLyricalBalladswhichmarksthebreakwithclassicismandthebeginningoftheRomanticrevivalinEngland.LyricalBallads•Someofthebestpoemsinthecollectionare:•LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey(《丁登寺旁》)•LinesWritteninEarlySpring(《早春诗行》)•TheRimeoftheAncientMariner(《古舟子咏》;《老水手之行》)•IWanderedLonelyasaCloud（《我像一片孤独的云》）Wordsworth’sprinciplesofpoetrywerestatedinthePrefacetotheLyricalBallads,whichservedasthemanifestooftheEnglishRomanticMovementinpoetry.IWanderedLonelyasaCloudIWanderedLonelyasaCloudWilliamWordsworth'sIWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isalyricpoemfocusingonthepoet'sresponsetothebeautyofnature.MeterThelinesinthepoemareiniambictetrameter,asdemonstratedinthethirdstanza:•..........1...................2..................3.......................4..........TheWAVES|beSIDE|themDANCED;|butTHEY•......1................2.....................3...................4........OutDID|theSPARK|lingWAVES|inGLEE;•......1.............2..................3.............4........APO|etCOULD|notBUT|beGAY;•........1.............2.............3..............4........InSUCH|aJOC|undCOM|paNY:•...........1......................2..................3....................4...........IGAZED—|andGAZED—|butLIT|tleTHOUGHT•.............