浆砌毛石护坡施工方案

论中西饮食文化差异AbstractDietisabsolutelynecessaryinthelifeofmankind,andevenintheexistenceordevelopment.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturaltraditions,theChineseandwesterndietaryculturesaredifferentinconcept,target,pattern,attributionandnature.Westudythesedifferencesandthenfindoutthepointsthatcanbedigested,inordertofacilitatethecommunicationaboutculturesbetweenChinaandthewest.TaiwanProfessorZhangQijunsaid,“Theoldsaying,'Eat,drink,man,womanwhowishesgreatly'.Forsuchastandardfair,westernculture(inparticular,modernAmericanculture)canbesaidtobemaleandfemaleculture.ButtheChineseculturecanbesaidtobeadietaryculture.Asthereasonoftheculturaltraditions,thewesternlivestendtomenandwomen,butbecauseofthenarrowgenderrelations,Chinesepeoplearedumpingguidanceonlifeintherestaurants.Thusthedietisrichinculture.Foodcultureinthewestisnotdevelopedenough,butthisunderdevelopmentitselfistheresultofthedevelopmentofaculture,soitisstillsignificanttostudythedietaryculturesofChineseandWesterndiet.BytheanalysisofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterndietarycultures,wecancomprehendtherespectiveculturaltraditionsofChinaandthewest.AndwecanalsoimproveandcreatethecultureofChina.KeyWordsdietaryculture;culturaltradition;differences摘要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说‘饮食男女人之大欲存焉’。就这样的标准而论，西方文化（特别是近代美国式的文化）可说是男女文化，而中国可说是一种饮食文化。”由于文化传统的缘故，西方人的人生倾向男女关系，而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭，把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食。由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。关键词饮食文化;文化传统;差异IntroductionOncethereisasayingthatFoodiseatingwell-deservedforhumanlife”,sofoodisanindispensableconditionforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanbeings.Therearetwodesiresinlife:oneisfeastingthemtosurvive;andanotheristhelustofmenandwomen,whichcanhelpthemankindtocarryonthefamilyline.Facingthetwodesires,Chinapaysmoreattentiontotheformer,whilethewesttendstothelatter.Suchphenomenonaffectstheculturaltrend.Dietisactuallythecontentsofourdailylives,butwhywecallitculture?ThatisbecausethediethasspecialstatusintheChineseculture,anditalsohasagreatdistinctionbetweenChinaandthewest.Asoneoftheworldancientnations,China’sdiethasahistoryalmostaslongasthatofChinesecivilization.Butinwesterncountries,ancientthinkersdevotedlessattentiontothefoodproblemthantheChinesephilosophersdid,andthereisevennotawareofittotheheavendegree.Withtheopposite,theyrecognizedandinterpretedtheworldintheperspectiveofthelustorloveofmenandwomenmore.WhethertheawarenessoforiginalsinofChristianity,AdamandEvelegend,orancientGreekphilosophy(suchasPlato'sdialogue)whoconsideredthepersonalrelationships“love”astheloveofontologyofbeauty,andregardeditasarealitythinkingofphilosophy,alltheseideasbecomethebasisofwesternphilosophers’culturalthoughts.Allthesehadpotentialeffectsonthedevelopmentofwesterncultureandwesterners’characters.Receivingtheinfluenceofrespectiveculturaltradition,theChineseandwesterndietaryculturehashaddifferentcharacteristic.Thedifferencesinconcepts,targets,patterns,attributionandnaturehadreflectedthedifferentdietarycultureinthedifferentstatecharacteristic;suchcharacteristichasenrichedtheresearchvalueofdietaryculture.Studyingtheseculturaldifferences,wecanfindoutajointenhancingthecommunicationbetweenChinaandthewestthroughacomprehensivestudyofthesubject.ItmaybeagreathelptothecommunicationoftheChineseandwesterncultures.I.DifferencesinConceptsFirst,theChineseandwesterndiethavethedifferencesthatcannotbeignoredinconcepts.NobodywilldenythattheWesterndietisarationalconcept,regardlessofthecoloroffood,incense,flavorandshape,butnutritionmustbeassured.Itcaresabouttheintakeofcalories,vitamins,proteinandsoonduringaday.ComparingwiththeChinesediet,westerndiettastesstereotyped,assimpleaschewingthecandle,butthesensetellsthem:Wemusteatthemallbecauseofthenutrition.Andthentheyputitbluntly,justlikerefuelingmachine.Theconceptofwesterndietiscompatiblewiththewholewesternphilosophy.Metaphysicsisthemainfeatureofwesternphilosophy.Suchkindofphilosophybringsvitalitytowesternculture,sothenaturalsciences,psychologyandmethodologyachievearapiddevelopment.Insomeotheraspects,suchphilosophypropositionisasignificantlyobstacle,suchasthedietaryculture,whichistheinevitablethingtodropbehind,andjustthemetaphysicsofmethodologymarkseverywhere.Incelebration,itstressestableware,stressesthestaple,stressestheservings,andstressesthecolorandshapemixofrawmaterials.Butnomatterhowluxuriousthegradeis;fromLosAngelestoNewYork,onlyonetasteofsteak,itisnoarttospeakof.Andasdishes,thechickenischicken;steakissteak,eveningroups,whicharealsoconductedinashallowdish.InadishofFrenchMuttonchops,onesideispotatomud,andmuttonchopssitsnexttoit,anothersideisallocationofcookingbeans,andplusafewtabletsoftomato.Colorisonclear,butthetastesofthevariousmaterialsareseparated,nottoreconcile,andtheentireflavorisalsosimpleandclear.文章来源：