The general introduction of Shakespeare

ofOutlineBriefintroductionWorksAnotherShakespeareInfluence15641582158515921608160916131616MarryAnneHathawaythreechildrenLondonandTheatricalCareerBornStratford-upon-AvonLostyearsRetiretoStratfordTimelineDeathLittleworksBACKFamilytreeJohnShakespeareMaryArdenWilliamShakespeareAnneHathawaySusannaHamnetJudithBACK1608-16131595-15991590-1595TragediesComediesHistoriestragicomedyLondonandTheatricalCareer1600-1608InfluencedbyRomanandItalianstyleknownasShakespearethelatelegendarydramaCreatemanyfamouscomediesandhistoriesHissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.LondonandTheatricalCareerGreen’sattack：theearliestsurvivingmentionofShakespeare'scareerintheatre1594：playswereperformedbyonlytheLordChamberlain'sMen1603：thecompanywasawardedaroyalpatentandchangeditsnametotheKing'sMen1599：builttheirowntheatretheGlobe1608：thepartnershipalsotookovertheBlack-friarsindoortheatre1597：heboughtthesecond-largesthouseinStratford,NewPlace1605：heinvestedinashareoftheparishtithesinStratford.BACKYearsofapprenticeship(1592~1594)Aperiodofrapidgrowthanddevelopment(1595~1598)Aperiodofgloomanddepression(1601~1608)Aperiodofrestoredserenity(1608~1612)ComediesHistoriesTragediesPoemsLostPlaysApocryphaKingJohn《约翰王》RichardⅡ《理查二世》HenryⅣ,Part1《亨利四世（第一部）》HenryⅣ,Part2《亨利四世（第二部）》HenryⅤ《亨利五世》HenryⅥ,Part1《亨利六世（第一部）》HenryⅥ,Part2《亨利六世（第二部）》HenryⅥ,Part3《亨利六世（第三部）》RichardⅢ《理查三世》HenryⅧ《亨利八世》basedonthelivesofEnglishkingsfocusononlyasmallpartofthecharacters'lives,andalsofrequentlyomitsignificanteventsfordramaticpurposes.regardedasTudorpropagandabecausetheyshowthedangersofcivilwarandcelebratethefoundersoftheTudordynasty.Macbeth《麦克白》Hamlet《哈姆雷特，又译：王子复仇记》KingLear《李尔王》Othello《奥赛罗》RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与茱丽叶》TroilusandCressida《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》Coriolanus《科利奥兰纳斯》TitusAndronicus《泰特斯·安特尼克斯》TimonofAthens《雅典的泰门，又译：黄金梦》JuliusCaesar《凯撒大帝》AntonyandCleopatra《安东尼与克丽奥佩托拉》Cymbeline《辛白林，又译：还壁记》oneofhisdarkestandmostpowerfultragedies.SetinScotland,theplaydramatizesthecorrodingpsychologicalandpoliticaleffectsproducedwhenitsprotagonist,theScottishlordMacbeth,choosesevilasthewaytofulfillhisambitionforpower.SetintheKingdomofDenmark,theplaydramatizestherevengePrinceHamletexactsonhisuncleClaudiusformurderingKingHamlet.Theplayvividlyportraysbothtrueandfeignedmadness–fromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrage–andexploresthemesoftreachery,revenge,incest,andmoralcorruption.Themaincharacterdescendsintomadnessafterfoolishlydisposingofhisestatebetweentwoofhisthreedaughtersbasedontheirflattery,bringingtragicconsequencesforall.TheplayisbasedonthelegendofLeirofBritain,amythologicalpre-RomanCelticking.KingLearandtheFoolintheStormbyWilliamDyce(1806–1864)basedontheItalianshortstoryUnCapitanoMoro(AMoorishCaptain)byCinthio..Becauseofitsvariedandcurrentthemesofracism,love,jealousy,andbetrayal,Othelloisstilloftenperformedinprofessionalandcommunitytheatresalikeandhasbeenthebasisfornumerousoperatic,film,andliteraryadaptations.Othello奥赛罗Desdemona苔丝狄蒙娜Iago伊阿古Cassio凯西奥Emilia妒忌凯升职与能力被赏识结婚欺骗奥，加害苔、凯二人有奸情相信伊，杀死苔伊的妻子苔死后，揭发伊，奥自杀atragiccomedybelievedtohavebeenwrittenbetween1596and1598.ThoughclassifiedasacomedyintheFirstFolioandsharingcertainaspectswithShakespeare'sotherromanticcomedies,theplayisperhapsmostrememberedforitsdramaticscenes,andisbestknownforShylockandthefamous'HathnotaJeweyes'speech.AlsonotableisPortia'sspeechaboutthequalityofmercy.TheMerchantofVeniceapastoralcomedyAsYouLikeItfollowsitsheroineRosalindasshefleespersecutioninheruncle'scourt,accompaniedbyhercousinCeliaandTouchstonethecourtjester,tofindsafetyandeventuallyloveintheForestofArden.Thefooldoththinkheiswise,butthewisemanknowshimselftobeafool.Viola(薇奥拉)Sebastian(西巴斯辛)Cesario(西萨里奥)Olivia(奥丽维娅)DukeOrsino(奥西诺公爵)twins女扮男装成做男仆并爱上单方面喜欢但被拒绝喜欢上Cesario奥误向西求婚，最后结婚奥察觉薇的感情，最终结婚bewrittenasaTwelfthNight'sentertainmentforthecloseoftheChristmasseason.abouttwopairsoflovers,BenedickandBeatrice,andClaudioandHero.BenedickandBeatriceareengagedinaverymerrywar;theyarebothveryglibandproclaimtheirscornforlove,marriage,andeachother.Incontrast,ClaudioandHeroaresweetyoungpeoplewhoarerenderedpracticallyspeechlessbytheirloveforoneanother.Bymeansofnoting(whichsoundsthesameasnothing,andwhichisgossip,rumour,andoverhearing),BenedickandBeatricearetrickedintoconfessingtheirloveforeachother,andClaudioistrickedintorejectingHeroatthealtar.However,Dogberry,aConstablewhoisamasterofmalapropisms,discoverstheeviltrickeryofthevillain,DonJohn.Intheend,DonJohnrunsawayandeveryoneelsejoinsinadancecelebratingthemarriagesofthetwocouples.All'sWellThatEndsWellTheComedyofErrorsLove'sLabour'sLostMeasureforMeasureTheMerryWivesofWindsorAMidsummerNight'sDreamPericles,PrinceofTyreTheTamingoftheShrewTheTempestTheTwoGentlemenofVeronaTheTwoNobleKinsmenTheWinter'sTale《十四行诗》TheSonnets《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》VenusandAdonis《鲁克丽丝失贞记》TheRapeofLucrece又译：露克丽丝遭强暴记《热情的朝圣者》ThePassionatePilgrim又译：激情飘泊者《凤凰和斑鸠》ThePhoenixandtheTurtle《爱人的怨诉》ALover'sComplaintVenusandAdonisisapoemwithaplotbasedonpassagesfromOvid'sMetamorphoses