L19 Culture and Translation

CultureandTranslation文化与翻译（2）ContentsTranslationofnames,titles,andbrandsTranslationofbooksandmoviesTranslationofidiomsNames中国有“正名”的传统：名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成。（《论语》子路篇第十三：三）Iflanguageisincorrect,thenwhatissaiddoesnotconcordwithwhatwasmeant;andwhatissaiddoesnotconcordwithwhatwasmeant,whatistobedonecannotbeeffected.(ArthurWaley)“重姓轻名”VS“重名轻姓”中国：姓+名“宗族之上”、“光宗耀祖”的观念英语国家：教名+中间名+姓Fullname=Christianname/firstname/givenname+middlename/secondname+surname/familyname/lastname“男女各姓”VS“妇随夫姓”Pleasetranslate:祥林嫂（鲁迅《祝福》）阿庆嫂（京剧样板戏《沙家浜》）Westerncountries:Marriedwomanusesthelastnameofherhusband.MarieWhite+JohnBrown=Marie/JohnBrownNewtrends:MaryBrown+JohnWilliams=Mary/JohnBrown-Williams男刚女柔、寓意丰富汉语：男名：志、宏、武、斌、强、国、民、华、海、胜、昌等。女名：丽、珍、玉、琴、娟、洁、莉、梅、花、菊、秀等。English：Andrew(刚强),Anthony(无比可贵),Charles(大丈夫),Jack(刚强),John(神的恩典),Michael(神之宠)Alice(美丽),Catherine(纯洁),Emily(勤劳),Jenny(文静),Nancy(高雅),Margaret(珍珠)姓氏来源1.古地名秦、韩、赵、魏、宋、齐、梁、陈等London,Lancaster,Boston,Everest,Snowdon,Hudson,etc.2.居住地东郭、南郭、西门Field,Hill,Brook,Lane,Shore,etc.3.职业石、陶、屠、巫等Baker,Carpenter,Fisher,Hunter,Butcher,Mason,Tailor,etc.4.颜色白居易、黄遵宪等。Blue,Brown,Red,Green,Orange,Black,Scarlet,White,etc.5.家族姓氏Johnson,Wilson,ThomsonMacarthur(Arthur的儿子，Mac表父子关系)Fitzgerald(Gerald的儿子，Fitz表示父名)6.动植物马、牛、熊、龙等Lamb,Fox,Wood,Flower,etc.7.自然现象雷锋、风清扬、水均益、火风Snow,Frost,Cloud,Rain,etc.8.体型外貌Bigge,Buch(邦齐，表驼背),Fatt,Small,Short,Long,Longfellow,etc.Practice翻译原则：“名从主人，物从中国”（孔子）MonroeDoctrine门罗主义MarilynMonroe(Americanactress)玛丽莲·梦露MichaelJordan迈克尔·乔丹GeorgeW.Bush乔治·W·布什AttentionConanDoyle柯南道尔（姓与名之间没有实心点）BernardShaw萧伯纳（姓名倒置）LeigtonStuart司徒雷登KevinRudd（AustrilianPrimeMinister）陆克文（有中文名）PracticeIamnoHamlet.我绝不犹豫。（不译为：我不是哈姆莱特）Hisincomederivedfromilicitactivities---bookmaking,gambling,shylocking,andquestionableunionactivities.他的经济收入来源于一些非法活动——赛马登记赌注、赌博、放高利贷和一些可疑的工会活动。Practice庙旁住着一家乡宦，姓甄，名费，字士隐。BesidethistemplelivedagentlemannamedZhenFei,whosecourtesynamewasShi-yin.字courtesyname（名以表体，字以表德）号literaryname(文人雅士的自称)雅号；美称politename;poeticname笔名penname;pseudonym别名anothername;alternativename绰号；诨名nickname假名；化名assumedname曾用名；假名alias称呼；称号style封号officialname谥号templename艺名stage/businessname法号BuddhistnameBrands,trademarksWhatdoyouthinkofthefollowtranslations?CocaCola可口可乐Simmons席梦思BushandLomb博士伦Carrefour家乐福Mercedes-Benz奔驰（大陆）、平治（香港）、朋驰/宾士（台湾）广埠屯Computown百脑汇（电脑城）Buynow音美、形美、意美Translationstrategies:usePinyin浪莎（袜业）Langsha力帆（摩托）Lifan高科（电话）Gaoke万宝（电器）WanbaoUseAcronymofPinyin东华（钻饰）DH海马（电视）HM华艺（灯饰）HY武重（机床）WZ比亚迪（电池）BYDUsechangedformofPinyin鸿兴尔克Erke德尔（地板）Der科龙（电器）Kelon钱江（摩托）Qjiang调换音素新科（电器）Shinco康佳Konka森马SemirUseEnglishwords箭牌（卫浴）Arrow王朝（红酒）Dynasty加安（门锁）Faultless匹克PeakBlending海信Hisense艾美特（家电）Airmate曼妮芬（内衣）Maniform劲霸男装K-boxing美的（电器）Midea金龙KingLongChangeEnglishwords雅戈尔Youngor苏泊尔（压力锅）Supor沃特VoitCreatenewwordsU.SandJapanesecompaniesaregoodatcreatingnewbrandnamesSony，Kodak,Sanyo,etc澳柯玛Aucma奥克斯Aux高邦Kobron维达纸巾Vinda意译长城电脑GreatWall太平鸟Peacebird柒牌男装Seven雪花啤酒Snow同时设计回力Warrior四通打字机Stone爱慕内衣Aimer百丽Belle波导Bird捷安特GiantBooksandmoviesWaterlooBridge《魂断蓝桥》BloodandSand《碧血黄沙》GonewiththeWind《乱世佳人》ShootingFirst《先发制人》LiteraltranslationAWalkintheClouds《云中漫步》TheAgeofInnocence《纯真年代》BasicInstinct《本能》RainMan《雨人》GodFather《教父》LiteraltranslationwithexplanationsPatton《巴顿将军》LegalEagle《法网神鹰》TheFrenchConnection《法国贩毒网》Coquette《弄情女子》CombinationofliteralandfreetransaltionWhoShallliveandWhoShallDie《生杀大权》NightKill《来者不善》OneFlewOvertheCuckoo’sNest《飞越疯人院》EverythingYouAlwaysWantedtoKnowAboutSexButAfraidtoAsk《性爱宝典》Nowyouhaveatry!《天下无贼》AWorldWithoutThieves《卧虎藏龙》CrouchingTiger,HiddenDragon《画皮》PaintedSkin《集结号》Assembly《士兵突击》SoldiersSortie《霸王别姬》FarewellMyConcubineIdiomsSimilarsetphrases趁热打铁Strikewhiletheironishot如履薄冰Tobeonthethinice晴天霹雳Likeaboltfromtheblue混水摸鱼Fishintroubledwaters一箭双雕Tokilltwobirdswithonestone火上浇油Topouroilontheflame,addfueltothefire如坐针毡Tositonpinsandneedles以眼还眼，以牙还牙Aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth合抱之木，生于毫末GreatoaksfromlittleacornsgrowDifferentphysicalenvironment,customs,religions,etc健壮如牛Asstrongashorse洞若观火Asclearasdaylight血流如注Bleedlikeapig守口如瓶Asdumbasanoyster;assilentasthegrave,ascloseaswax心猿意马TohaveaheadlikeasieveKeeptheimage“谋事在人，成事在天。”咱们谋到了，靠菩萨的保佑，有些机会，也未可知。Manproposes,Heavendisposes.Workoutaplan,trusttoBuddha,andsomethingmaycomeofitforallyouknow.如今听见周瑞家的捆了他亲家，越发火上浇油。ThenewsthatChouJui’swifehadhadarelativeofherstiedupaddedfueltothefireofherindignation.Transplanttheimage宝玉笑道：“我就是个‘多愁多病的身’，你就是那‘倾国倾城的貌’。”“I’mtheone‘sickwithlonging’”hejoked.“Andyoursisthebeautywhichcaused‘citiesandkingdomstofall.’”（贾瑞）等着，热锅上蚂蚁一般，只是左等也不见人影，右听也没声响。Hewaitedthereforherarrivalwiththefrenziedagitationofanantonahotsaucepan.Yet,thoughhewaitedandwaited,notahumanshapeappearednorahumansoundwasheard.Changetheimage有话不明说，许你们呢这样鬼鬼祟祟的干什么事？Butwhynottalkopenlyinsteadofinthishole-and-cornerfashion?Menmaymeetbutmountainsnever.山和山无法碰头，人和人总会相遇。Finefathersmakefinebi