佛教在中国发展情况

BuddhisminChina一、IntroductionofBuddhisminChina二、StatusofChineseBuddhism三、MostFamousTemplesandMonasteriesinChina四、TheMostFamousBuddhistGrottoesinChina五、TopBuddhaStatueinChinaContents一、IntroductionofBuddhisminChinaIthasconnectedwiththeChinesetraditionalculture.IthasalreadycometoChinaformorethan2000years.IthasbecomeourcharacteristicBuddhism–ChinaBuddhism.中国佛教包容了三大体系：北传佛教（大乘佛教）Mahayana南传佛教（小乘佛教）Hinayana藏传佛教全面继承了印度三个时期的佛教。ChinaBuddhismhasbeenformedeightschoolsnow.禅宗三论宗天台宗华严宗净土宗律宗法相宗密宗HowdidBuddhismcometoChina?BuddhismwasfirstlyintroducedintotheregioninhabitedbytheHanpeoplearoundthe1stcentury.Itissaidthatintheyear2BC,YiCun,anemissaryofDayuezhiKingdom,wenttoChang'an(today'sXi'anCity)toimpactBuddistsutrastoaChinesesDoctorJingLu.AndthisisthefirstrecordabouttheintroductionofBuddhismintoChina.ThereisanothersayingthatduringthereignoftheIndianKingAsoka(272-226BC),18IndiansvisitedChina’sXianyangCityduringthereignofEmperorQinShihuang.Intheyear250BC,KingAsokaconvokedthethirdconferenceand,aftertheconference,DadewassenttospreadBuddhismtoothercountriesincludingChina.二、StatusofChineseBuddhismThefeatureofChineseBuddhismliesinthecoexistenceofMahayanaBuddhismandHinayanaBuddhismaswellastheconcomitanceofExotericandEsotericBuddhism.IndianBuddhistswerethreatenedbythevaluesandsocio-politicalstructuresoftheIndiansocietyTheIndiansocietydominatedbyHinduismandIslam.Buddhismvanishedbetween9thcenturyand10thcenturyinInd.BuddhismweredevelopedrapidlyinChinaDuringtheWeiandJinDynasties(220-420)theinfluenceofBuddhismspreadwidely.DuringtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420-589)therulingclassesfurtherhelpedthespreadofBuddhismbybuildingtemplesandmonasteries,translatingBuddhistsutrasandconstructinggrottoes,andmanyfamousmonks,scholarsandteachersemerged.BytheSuiandTangDynasties(581-907),Buddhismreacheditsapexofpopularityandsplendors,anddifferentsectsofBuddhismhadbeenformedinChina.佛教在中国的传播汉语系佛教在中国的3个发展阶段两汉之际、魏晋、南北朝时期为译传阶段。中国先后译出大量的佛教经典，研究佛教的风气成为一时之盛隋唐两代是中国佛教的创造阶段和鼎盛时期。中国僧人分别以一定的印度佛教经典为依据，开宗立派，创构了自己的理论体系宋元明清四朝中国佛教处于融合阶段。佛教在这900年间空前广泛、深入地与中国的文化全面结合。精英佛教停滞衰退，而大众佛教取得长足发展译传阶段创造阶段融合阶段Overalongperiod,BuddhismgraduallytookrootinthefeudalsocietyofChina,interminglingwithConfucianandTaoistthought.IthadastrongpopularappealanditsideasmadeanotableimpactonChinesephilosophy,literatureandart.三、MostFamousTemplesandMonasteriesinChinaWhiteHorseTempleTheCradleofBuddhisminChinaAhistoricsitewithmorethan1,900years.Itiswell-preserved.XiangguoMonasteryXiangguoMonasterywasoriginallybuiltin555ADduringtheNorthernQiDynasty;ithasahistoryofover1,400years.IntheNorthernSongDynasty,themonasterywasenlargedmanytimesandbecamethelargestmonasteryandthenationalBuddhistcenteratthattime.Atpresent,theexistingstructuresofthemonasteryaretheGrandHall,theOctagonalHall,theeastandwestchambers,andotherbuildingsholdingBuddhistsutras.ShaolinTempleFirstbuiltin495A.D.,ShaolinTempleisfamousforChineseKungFuorMartialArts.FamenTemple心经观自在菩萨行深般若菠萝蜜多时照见五蕴皆空度一切苦厄舍利子，色不异空空不异色色即是空，空即是色受想行识，亦复如是。舍利子，是诸法空相不生不灭，不垢不净，不增不减是故空中无色无受想行识无眼耳鼻舌身意无色声香味触法无眼界，乃至无意识界无无明，亦无无明尽乃至无老死亦无老死尽无苦集灭道无智亦无所得以无所得故菩提萨埵依般若菠萝蜜多故心无挂碍无挂碍故无有恐怖远离颠倒梦想究竟涅盘三世诸佛依般若菠萝蜜多故得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提故知般若菠萝蜜多是大神咒是大明咒是无上咒是无等等咒能除一切苦真实不虚故说般若菠萝蜜多咒即说咒曰揭谛揭谛波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛菩提萨婆诃FamenTempleisfamousfordiscoveryingthefingersbonesofSakyamuni.8emperorsoftheTangDynastyoncewelcomedthefingerbonesofBuddhatothepalaceTheydonatedalargenumberoftreasurestotheundergroundpalaceofthetemple.四、TheMostFamousBuddhistGrottoesinChinaTheseBuddhistgrottoesareoutdoorartmuseumswithfabulousfrescosandstatues.TheyrepresentanimportantchapterinChinaculturalandreligioushistory.YungangGrottoesTheUNESCO’sWorldCulturalHeritageList.ThebestpreservedsitesinChinawith53cavescontainingover51,000stonecarvingsofBuddhaandBuddhist.16kmsouthwestofthecityofDatonginShanxiprovince.Mainlyconstructedbetween460-525ADduringtheNorthernWeidynasty.RepresentexceptionalfeatofBuddhistcaveartinChinainthe5thand6thcentury.ConstructionoftheYungangGrottoeswasmainlyfinancedbyroyalfamiliesandnoblefamilies,andtheimposingmannerandelaboratecarvingsoftheseBuddhaimagesincorporatetheartisticstylesofChina,India,Persiaandothercountries.点击添加文字内容LongmenGrottoesTheLongmenGrottoesarelocated12kmsouthofpresentdayLuoyang.After1,500years,itisstillmagnificent.Itsrichcontentreflectsfromdifferentaspects,thedevelopmentandchangesinancientChina'spolitics,economy,religionandculture.IthascontributedtremendouslytothecreationanddevelopmentofChinesegrottoart.五、TopBuddhaStatueinChinaChinaisacountrywithprofoundBuddhismCulture.AtancientChina,peopleofalldifferentsocialrankingsacceptedBuddhism.LeshanGiantBuddhaThetalleststoneBuddhastatueintheworld,whichwascarvedoutofacliff.ThesitewaslistedontheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagein1996.ItwastheideaofaChinesemonknamedHaitong,whohopedthattheBuddhawouldcalmtheturbulentwatersthatplaguedtheshippingvesselstravellingdowntheriver.TherockandmudexcavatedfromthemountainexposingtheBuddhafilleduptheriverbed,creatingamorefavorableflowofwater.Consequentlytheriverdidbecomecalmer.ThestatuedepictsaseatedMaitreyaBuddhawithhishandsrestingonhisknees.Hehasbeenlovin