英国作家Richard Sheridan 生平及作品介绍

RichardBrinsleySheridan(理查德·布林斯莱·谢立丹)emily.RichardSheridenPlaywrightPoliticianRichardBrinsleySheridan(30October1751–7July1816)LifeWorksWritingStyleAchievement•In1751,RichardSheridanwasborninDublin,Ireland,wherehisfamilyhadahouseonDorsetStreet.•WhileinDublinSheridanattendedtheEnglishGrammarSchoolinGraftonStreet.BornDublin都柏林IrelandHouseGraftonStreetEducation•In1758,SheridanmovedpermanentlytoEnglandwhenhewasageseven.•From1762to1768,hewasapupilatHarrowSchooloutsideLondon.•In1770,SheridanmovedtoBath.•HarrowSchool,isoneofthemostfamousEnglishindependentschoolforboyssituatedinthetownofHarrow,innorth-westLondon.•Theschoolisofworldwiderenown.HarrowSchoolBathFamily•Hismother,FrancesSheridan(1724–1766)wasaplaywrightandnovelist.•Hisfather,ThomasSheridan(1719–1788)wasanstageactorandaneducator.•Hiswife,ElizabethAnnLinley(1754-1792)wasabeautifulladywhoisasingerandactress.•Hisgranddaughter,CarolineNorton(1808–1877)wasafamousfeminist,socialreformer,andauthor.•TheMemoirsofSidneyBiddulph《西德尼比达尔夫回忆录》isFrancesSheridan‘smostsuccessfulnovel(1761).•AndshehadtwoplaysproducedinLondonintheearly1760s.•RichardSheridan'searlysuccessfulplaysweremuchinfluencedbyhismother'splays.•FollowinghismovingtoEngland,hegaveupactingandwroteanumberofbooksconcerningtheEnglishlanguageineducation.•ShewastheseconddaughterofthecomposerThomasLinley.•Shehadmanyproposalsofmarriage,butin1772sheeloped私奔withRichardSheridantoFrance.•However,theywerebothunderageandsothemarriagewasinvalid无效的untilherfatherconsented赞成officiallyin1772.•Shedeliveredason,anddiedoftuberculosis肺结核in1792aged38.CarolineNortonDuel决斗•In1772RichardSheridanfoughtafamousduel决斗againstCaptainThomasMathews.•BecauseMathewshadwrittenanewspaperarticledefaming诽谤thecharacterofElizabethLinley.TheFirstDuel•ThefirstduelwasfoughtinHydepark,butfindingittoocrowdedtheywenttotheCoventGarden.•Farfromitsromanticimage,theduelwasshortandbloodless.Mathewslosthissword,andwasforcedto'begforhislife'.•ButMathewsrefusedtoaccepthisdefeatasfinalandchallengedSheridantoanotherduel.HydeparkCoventGardenTheSecondDuel•Thesecondduel,foughtatKingsdownnearBath,wasamuchmoreferocious残忍的affair.•Thistimetheywerewoundedandbothmenbroketheirswordsbutcarriedonfightingina'desperatestruggleforlifeandhonour'.•Fortunatelyhisremarkableconstitutionpulledhimthrough,andeightdaysafterthisbloodyaffairtheBathChronicle编年史wasabletoannouncethathewasoutofdanger.•Mathewsescapedinapostchaise.(驿递马车）Playwright•In1773,Sheridanatage21marriedElizabethLinleyandsetuphouseinLondononalavish浪费scalewithlittlemoneyandnoimmediateprospectsofany—otherthanhiswife‘sdowry嫁妆.•Theyoungcoupleenteredthefashionableworldandapparentlyhelduptheirendinentertaining.•WhenSheridansettledinLondon,hebeganwritingforthestage.•In1775,hisfirstplayTheRivals,wasproducedatLondon.•Itwasafailureonitsfirstnight.Butthesecondtimewasasmashwhichimmediatelyestablishedtheyoungplaywright’sreputationandthefavouroffashionableLondon.•In1776,hebecameapartownerandmanageroftheLondonTheatreRoyal,DruryLane特鲁里街皇家歌剧院,andlaterbecamesoleowner.•In1777,hismostfamousplayTheSchoolforScandalisconsideredoneofthegreatestcomediesofmannersinEnglish.DruryLanecomedyofmanners风尚喜剧•Thecomedyofmannersisagenre流派ofplaywhichsatirizes讽刺themannersandaffectations做作ofasocialclass.•Theplotofthecomedy,oftenconcernedwithscandal丑闻.•AnothergreatwriterofcomediesofmannerswasOscarWilde,hismostfamousplaybeingTheImportanceofBeingEarnest认真的重要性.MemberofParliament•In1780,hisplay-writingcareerended.•HewaselectedthememberoftheParliamentandbecameanorator演说家.•HewasalsoaWhig辉格党MemberoftheBritishHouseofCommons.•SheridanwasastrongcriticofLordNorth'sAmericanpolicyandsupportedtheresistanceofthecolonists.•Sheridanretainedhisradicalpoliticalbeliefsandin1794hedefendedtheFrenchRevolutionagainstitscriticsintheHouseofCommons.LaterYears•In1809,TheDruryLaneTheaterwasburninafire.Hisfinancialsupportwascutoff.•1812Hispoliticalcareerended.Hehadnomoneytoaffordtheelection•Hislastyearswereharassed厌倦的bydebtanddisappointment.•In1816Sheridandiedinpovertyandneglect.HewasburiedininthePoets'CornerofWestminsterAbbey.Hisfuneralwasattendedbymanynotables.WestminsterAbbeyPoets'Cornerworks•TheRivals《情敌》•TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》•StPatrick‘sDay《圣帕特里克日》•TheDuenna《伴娘》•ATriptoScarborough《斯卡波罗之游》•TheCamp《营地》•TheCritic《批评家》•TheGloriousFirstofJune《光荣的六月一日》•Pizarro《皮扎罗》TheRivals•TheRivals,isacomedyofmanners.Itwasfirstperformedon17January1775.•Plot•CharacterPlotTheplotcentresonthetwoyounglovers,LydiaandJack.TheheroineLydiacomesfromanupper-classfamily.Shereadsalotofpopularnovelsofthetime,wantsapurelyromanticloveaffair.Sheoftendreamstoelopewithapooryoungman.Lydiahastwoothersuitors:BobAcresandSirLuciusO'Trigger.Tocourther,JackpretendstobeEnsignBeverley,apoorofficer.SheannoysMrs.MalapropbyloudlyprofessinghereternaldevotiontoBeverleywhilerejectingJackAbsolute.Jack'sfriendFaulklandisinlovewithJulia,buthesuffersfromjealoussuspicion.Mrs.MalapropagainpresentsJacktoLydia,butthistimewithSirAnthonypresent,exposingJack'sposeasBeverley.SirLuciushasalsolearnedoftheproposedmarriageofJackandLydia,anddeterminest