book3 unit3宾语从句和表语从句

指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。1.Thegodlovestheworld.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(NounClauses)•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。NounClauses主语从句(SubjectClause)宾语从句(ObjectClause)表语从句(PredicativeClause)同位语从句(AppositiveClause)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Ibelieve(that)heishonest.Thequestioniswhowillbethenextspeaker.Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadedallovertheworld.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词/从属连词:that,whether,if.Thathewillcometothemeetingissure.Idon’tcarewhetheryouwillcome.连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.Whatistobediscussedinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.连接副词:when,where,how,whyAbridgestandswherethetrafficistheheaviest.Nounclausesastheobject名词性从句：宾语从句DoyouthinkIlookcool?•Underlinetheexamplesinreading1wherenounclausesareusedastheobject.Findasmanyasyoucanintwominutes.Groupcompetition•OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.•Iwonder,Mr.Adams,ifyou’dmindusaskingafewquestions.•Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?•Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.•Hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrothers’dinneronthetable.•Ididn’tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.•I’mafraidIdon’tquitefollowyou,sir.•Ifyoudon’tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave?•Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.•Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI’llbeonmyway.•Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.•Weknowyou’rehard-working.•Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?1.连词(引导词)1)当宾语从句是陈述句时,连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.Idon’tthinkit’sveryfunny.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.省略了that宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：①当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个that不能省；②当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。③用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2)当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成:“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。Ididn’tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.Iwonder,Mr.Adams,ifyou’dmindusaskingafewquestions.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldaccountforherabsence.whether与if的辨用表“是否”时,在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if练一练:if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可省略。Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?Ifyoudon’tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave?IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthefeastwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldtheauthoris?•Iwanttoknow_____hegotfromyou.•Idon’tknow_____hewillcome.Maybeat8o’clock.•Iamsure_____hewillwin.•Iknow_____hewasunhappyyesterday.Hefailedintheexam.•Iwonder_________hewillcomeornot.whatwhenthatwhywhether一、引导词小结：①缺何成分②语境/句意2.时态1)如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时,现在完成时)从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2)如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),从句的时态要用相对应的过去时态.Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3)当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)3.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)Exercisewrotehastakenhadbeen4.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)5.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)6.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play).basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.7.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.8.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen3.语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?•Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.•Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhat____________buy.hewantstoDearMissLi,NowIamastudentinsenioroneandIlikeEnglishverymuch.ButIampooringrammar.IknowthatyouareanEnglishteacher.SocanyoutellmehowIcanlearngrammarbetter?Itissaidthatfindingapenpalisagoodwaytoimproveourwriting.IwonderifyoucanhelpmetofindoneinyourclasssothatIcancommunicatewithhimorherinEnglish.I’llreallyappreciateitifIcanhearfromyou.Bestwishes.KateDearKate,Iamglad__1__youconsidermeasyourgoodfriend.Icanunderstand__2___youwanttofindapenpal.Ipromise__3___Iwillfindoneforyou.NextIwanttotellyou__4__youcanimproveyougrammar.Firstofall,pleasekeepitinmind__5__youshouldlearnmoreexamples.Second,youshoulddomoreexercisesandtrytof