Tess-of-the-d-Urbervilles

Tessofthed'UrbervillesThomasHardy李国志10英语3班61张淑仪10英语3班62ContentsIntroductionAppreciationAnalysisConclusionFactorsThomasHardy(1840-1928)--Englishpoetandnovelistofrealism.SonofavillagebuilderinDorset,southwestofEnglandwhichusedtobeaSaxonkingdomnamesWessex,anameHardyusedproudlyinhiswriting.StudyarchitectureinLondonforfiveyearsWorkasanarchitectinhisnativelandBeginhisliterarycareerasapoetTurntowritingnovelsAtabout60returntopoetrywritingLife:ThomasHardy'sHome,DorchesterThomasHardy'sHomeThomasHardy'sStatueHisMajorWorksHardyhimselfdividedhisnovelsintothreegroups:1.NovelsofCharacter&Environment2.NovelsofRomances&Fantasies3.NovelsofIngenuity1.NovelsofCharacterandEnvironment（性格与环境小说）ThePoorManandtheLady(1867,unpublishedandlost)《穷汉与贵妇人》UndertheGreenwoodTree(1872)《绿树荫下》FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874)《远离尘嚣》TheMayorofCasterbridge(1886)《卡斯特桥市长》Tessofthed'Urbervilles(1891)《德伯家的苔丝》JudetheObscure(1895)《无名的裘德》2.RomancesandFantasies（传奇与幻想小说）APairofBlueEyes(1873)《一双蓝眼睛》TwoonaTower(1882)《塔里的两个人》TheWell-Beloved(1897)(firstpublishedasaserialfrom1892)《心爱的人》mainlytalkaboutromanticlovestories.3.NovelsofIngenuity（机巧和实验小说）DesperateRemedies(1871)《铤而走险》TheHandofEthelberta(1876)《埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻》ALaodicean(1881)《冷漠的人》BackTess’slifeexperience→一位美丽的农家少女遭到富人亚雷的奸污→重整旗鼓与克莱相爱无法接受真相离开了→受生活所逼重见亚雷丈夫归杀亚雷被绞刑ThepoorvillagegirlTessDurbeyfieldisseducedbyhewealthyAlecD'Uberville.Shebecomespregnantbutthechilddiesininfancy.TessfindsworkasadairymaidonafarmandfallsinlovewithAngelClare,aclergyman'sson,whomarriesher.WhenTesstellsAngelaboutherpast,hehypocriticallydesertsher.TessbecomesAlec'smistress.AngelreturnsfromBrazil,repentinghisharshness,butfindsherlivingwithAlec.TesskillsAlecindesperation,sheisarrestedandhanged.贫苦的农村姑娘苔丝（Tess）遭到富人亚雷（Alec）的奸污，生了孩子，可周围舆论却认为是她的―罪过。后来，苔丝在新婚之夜向她深挚地爱着的新郎克莱(AngelClare)讲述了自己的遭遇，―向思想开通的克莱竟立即遗弃了她。苔丝为生计所迫，不得不接受亚雷的条件，和他同居。这时克莱反悔，从外国回来想和苔丝言归于好。绝望中的苔觉得是亚雷摧毁了她的一生的幸福，把亚雷杀死，自己也被判处了死刑。Mainplot:Tessofthed'Urbervilles(1891)BackFeaturesHardy’slanguagehasthesimplicityofacountryman’sspeechcoupledwiththesophisticatedvocabularyofaneducatedman.SymbolismisanimportantfeatureofHardy’swords,sothatmanyobjects,naturalphenomenaandcharactersinthenovelsaregivensymbolicmeanings.UnlikeDickens,mostofHardy’snovelsaretragic.ImportanceThomasHardyisanoutstandingnovelistaswellasapoet.HeisatransitionalfigurebetweentheVictorianAgeandthe20thcentury.Inmanyways,hebelongedmoretothe20thcenturythantothe19thcentury.StructureThestructureofthenovelisbasedonacyclicalpattern,dividedintothreeparts.1.Thefirstisaprelude,tellinghowTessleaveshomeandencountersAlec.SheisseducedbyAlecandcomesbackhomedisgraced.Thisisthefirstcycle,beginninginMayandendinginAugust.2.ThesecondpartisthemainlovestoryofTessandAngelatTalbothays.ItbeginsinMay,reachesitsclimaxattheturningoftheyearandendsinthefollowingwinter.3.Thelastpartrepresentsherdecline.Forcedbypoverty,TessreturnstoAlecuntilAngelcomestoclaimher.Inshameandanger,TesskillsAlec,andisfinallyarrestedandexecuted.Thispartstartsinwinterandendsinspring.SymbolsSymbolsareobjects,characters,figures,orcolorsusedtorepresentabstractideasorconcepts.Threesymbols1.Prince(horse)2.Thed'UrbervilleFamilyVault3.BrazilPrinceHerdreamofmeetingaprincewhileshekillsherownPrince,andwithhimherfamily‘sonlymeansoffinancialsustenance(生计）,isatragicforeshadowingofherownstory.Thedeathofthehorsesymbolizesthesacrificeofreal-worldgoods,suchasausefulanimalorevenherownhonor,throughexcessive（过分的)Fantasizing(幻想)aboutabetterworld.BackThed'UrbervilleFamilyVaultThed'Urbervillefamilyvault(墓穴)representsboththegloryoflifeandtheendoflife.Thevaultthatsoundssoglamorouswhenrhapsodized(过份赞美)overbyJohnDurbeyfieldinChapterIseems,bytheend,strangelyhollow(空的)andmeaningless.Soperhapsthesecretofthefamilycrypt(神秘)isthatitsgrandiosity(堂皇)isultimatelymeaningless.BackBrazilInthisnovel:brazilsymbolizesafantasyland,aplacewheredreamscometrue.ForAngel,Brazilsymbolizestheimpossibilityofideals,butalsoforgivenessandacceptanceoflifeinspiteofthosedisappointedideals.ThemesCriticismofsocialconventionsofVictorianEngland(ideasofsocialclassaswellasthesexualdoublestandard);NaturalismasagainsttheacheofmodernismTheinjusticeofexistence;MendominatingwomenMaincharactersTessTheoldestdaughterfromapoorfamilywithanobleoriginAlecClareAyoungmanwhohatestheoldfamilyandlikesfarmingArichmanfromawealthyfamilywhoboughtthefamilynamed'UrbervillesfromTess’sfamily人物三角关系图亚雷苔丝克莱一个女人和两个男人：苔丝、克莱、亚雷AlecdoloveTess!AngeldoloveTess,too.BackWhoisbettersuitedtoTess?FactorsI.Socialfactors1.Poverty2.PatriarchalSocietyandItsDoubleMoralStandardsⅡ.Environmentalfactors1.Tess’signorantparents2.EvilandselfishmalechauvinistsⅢ.Tess’spersonalcharacterPovertyTessisborninapeddlerfamilyinEnglandattheendof19thcentury.Thelaborersandfarmerswithoutpowerormoney.ThespecialbackgrounddecidestheinevitabilityofTess'stragedy.BackTess’signorantparents.Tess’sfatherisapoorcountrysidehawker,whohasthenaturaldisposition,andheislazyandhasconstantlyexcessivedrinking.Tess’smotherisadairymaidandhermindisbesottedwithsuperstition.Underthepressureofthepublicvoi