Reading 1： The road to Modern English

3.becauseof后边加名词或动名词短语because是连词,所以后边跟句子Hecametoworklatebecausehegotuplate.Hecametoworklatebecauseofgettinguplate.TomandMarylookedateachother.Wesendcardtooneanother/eachothereveryyear.我们每年都相互寄卡片。[考例]Theopen-aircelebrationhasbeenputoff______thebadweather.(浙江2007)A.incaseofB.inspiteofC.insteadofD.becauseof[点拨]句意为“因为天气恶劣推迟了露天庆祝会。”becauseof由于，因为；incaseof假设，万一；inspiteof尽管；insteadof代替，而不是……，故正确答案为D项。4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.把英语作为母语的人相互之间可以交流,即使他们说的不是同一种英语。evenif=(eventhough)是连词词组，用来引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使”evenif/eventhoughevenif从句所说的不肯定；而eventhough从句所说的则是事实Hewillnotletoutthesecretevenifheknowsit.Hewillnotletoutthesecreteventhoughheknowsit.他即使知道也不会说出那个秘密。他虽然知道，但是不会说出那个秘密。5.comeup上来,走近;被提出;发芽;升起Theproblemcameupinthemeeting.问题在会议中被提出来了。主语是被提出的内容，没被动语态comeupwith宣布或发现，提出（主语是人）Hecameupwiththequestioninthemeeting.主语是人是，+with+被提出的内容comeacross偶遇，邂逅Hecameacrosshisfriendinthestreetyesterday.他昨天在街上碰见他的朋友。comefrom来自HecomesfromAmerica.他来自美国6.changeovertime•over此处指“随着时间，在。。。期间”•也可表示“一面。。。一面。。。”•圣诞节期间，你在家吗？•小女孩一面干活一面唱歌。e.g.WillyoubeathomeoverChristmas?e.g.Thegirlsangoverherwork.7.actually=infact事实上，实际上他虽看起来镇定平静，实际上却非常紧张。Helookscalm,butactuallyhewasverynervous.•8.communicatewith(eachother)“和。。交流，联系”我们通常用E-mail彼此联系。WeusuallycommunicatewitheachotherbyE-mail.eachother=oneanother都表示“相互，彼此”，在句中作动词或介词的宾语，但不能作主语。表示两个人或事物之间的相互关系用eachother,表示三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的相互关系时，用eachother或oneanother都可以。oneanother/eachother区别9.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.两个English都加了过去分词spoken当做后置定语，相当于定语从句Whichwasspoken.e.g.昨天他收到一个父母寄来的包裹。•Yesterday,hereceivedapackagesentbyhisparents.若单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰名词的前面，也放于后面。如：Theydecidedtochangedtheusedmaterial.他们决定改变已用的材料。Doyouknowthenumberofthebooksordered?你知道定了多少本书吗？10.(动词）baseon/upon…以…为基础这部电影以事实为基础。充当名词时，base：表具体thebaseofabuilding建筑物的根基basis：表抽象theeconomicbasis经济基础Thismovieisbasedonfacts.•11.present(adj.)目前的,现在的•Youshouldlookclearlythepresent•situation.你应该看清现在的形势。present:前置定语表示：现在的，当前的后置定语表示：在场的，出席的Didyouseethepresentgovernmentleaders？Didyouseethegovernmentleaderspresent?你见到现在的政府领导人吗？你见到在场的政府领导人吗？present也可作为名词：表：礼物，礼品如：Hegaveapresenttohisson.他送给他儿子一份礼物。present也可作为动词：表：赠予，送给如：Hewantedtopresentabiketohisson.他想送一辆自行车给他的儿子。presentsthtosb/presentsbwithsthpresent也可作为动词：表：介绍presentsbtosb把某人介绍给某人•12.EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.lesslike/morelike:形容词的比较级他看上去更像一位老师。Helooksmorelikeateacher.•rule:•作动词:表统治，支配，管理，抑制感情•作名词:表示规定，习惯，统治女王统治这个国家。别感情用事。人们必须按规靠右边行走。Don’tberuledbyyourfeeling.Peopleshouldkeepwalkingtotherightaccordingtotherule.Thequeenruledthecountry.13.especially:尤其，特别，表递进关系Heisespeciallyinterestedinmusic他对音乐特别感兴趣。他爱运动，尤其篮球。Helikessports,especiallybasketball.especially:特别，尤其Specially:专门的，特地他特地回家看望他的母亲。Hereturnedtohishometownspeciallytoseehismother.14.…Shakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.莎士比亚使用了比以前更为广泛的词汇量。make(good/full/no…)useof使用Wecouldmakegooduseofourresources.Everyminuteshouldbemadegooduseof.15.IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakers…anumberof大量的（其后谓语动词用复数）Anumberofpeoplehavecame.thenumberof…的数目（其后谓语动词用单数）只能修饰可数名词的：alarge/great/goodnumberof,agood/greatmany,dozensof,scoresof,quiteafewThenumberofhomelesspeoplehasincreased.只能修饰不可数名词的：agreatdealof,alargeamountof,quitealittle,alargesumof既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的：plentyof,alotof,lotsof,alargequantityof12.Onlytimewilltell.时间会证明一切。tell知道,判断It’shardtotellwhetherheisright.tellAfromB:区分，分别CanyoutellTomfromhistwinbrother?短语训练营请选用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子。suchas；becauseof；baseon；comeup；believeitornot；attheendof1.Herealizedthatshewascrying___________whathehadsaid.2.______________,Johnhaspassedthedrivingtest.becauseofBelieveitornotsuchas；becauseof；baseon；comeup；believeitornot；attheendof3.Thisbookis________atruestory.4.Abeggar_______tousandaskedformoney.5.TheyhadanEnglishexam_________lastmonth.6.Girls_______AnnandLucyareveryfriendly.suchasbasedoncameupattheendof用适当的介词填空。1.You’dbettermakefulluse_____yourtime.2.Youwillfindthehospital_____theendoftheroad.3.Thechurchisclose_____theschool.4.Wehavefriendsall_____theworld.5.Aseverybodyknows,Chinahasthelargestnumber_____people.6._____the1980s,hewenttoAmerica.ofattooverofIn1.Retellthepassage.2.FinishexercisesinLearningaboutlanguage.3.FindanexamplethatshowsthedifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Homework