01[1]._Basic_Differences_Between_Chinese_and_Engli

DifferencesbetweenChinese&EnglishI.DifferencesattheWordLevel1.OnPhonology2.OnMorphology2.1VariationofForms2.2Symmetricvs.Asymmetric3.OnSemantics3.1SemanticScope3.2DenotativeMeaning3.3AffectiveMeaning3.4ReflectiveMeaning3.5CollocativeMeaningII.AttheSentenceLevel1.OnSentenceStructure1.1Subject-orientedvs.topic-oriented1.2Staticvs.dynamic1.3Substitutivevs.Reiterative2.OnWordOrder3.OnSentenceOrder4.Hypotacticvsparatactic5.Impersonalvs.Personal6.AbstractvsConcrete7.FocusPosition8.Activevs.PassiveIII.AttheTextLevel1.ComparisonofParagraphStructures2.ComparisonofTextStructure3.OtherDifferencesI.DifferencesattheWordLevel1.OnPhonologyphoneme,toneandintonation,rhythm,juncturetonelanguagevs.intonationlanguageTransliteration(intranslatingpropernounsandspecialthings):WilliamShakespeare→威廉·莎士比亚，humor→幽默，logic→逻辑，sofa,salon,salad→沙发，沙龙，沙拉；西安→Xi’an，衙门→yamen，功夫，豆腐→kungfu,tofu2.OnMorphologyImitationoftheOriginalForma.丁字街，工字尺，之字路b.T-shirt，U-iron，A-frame→，C-spring→；c.T-bend，X-brace，pyramid，splayfoot，圆环，一字长蛇阵，国字脸，他往床上一坐，随即躺成一个大字形→HestretchedhisarmsandlegsonthebedlikeahugeChinesecharacter大(da).a.丁字街→T-shapedroadjunction，I-ruler→工字尺，之字路→S-curveinaroad，b.T-shirt→T恤衫，U-iron→U形铁，A-frame→A形架，C-spring→C形夹子；c.T-bend→三通接头，X-brace→交叉支撑，pyramid→金字塔，splayfoot→八字脚，圆环→O-ring，一字长蛇阵→single-linebattlearray，国字脸→squareface，他往床上一坐，随即躺成一个大字形→…HestretchedhisarmsandlegsonthebedlikeahugeChinesecharacter大(da)×→Helayspray-eagledonthebed.2.1VariationofFormsBeautyisintheeyeofthebeholder.Sheisverybeautiful.Shedancesbeautifullyintheroom.他来了，我很高兴。→Hearrived,whichdelightedme.Hisarrivaldelightedme.Hisarrivingmademedelighted.2.2Symmetricvs.AsymmetricChinaisavastcountrywithrichnaturalresourcesandalargepopulation.→中国地大物博，人口众多。所有的台湾人都是中国人，都是我们的骨肉同胞、手足兄弟。→AllthepeopleinTaiwanareChineseandourfleshandblood.3.OnSemanticsLeech:ConceptualMeaning,DenotativeMeaning,StylisticMeaning,AffectiveMeaning,ReflectiveMeaning,CollocativeMeaning,ThematicMeaning3.1SemanticScope细菌→bacteria计算机语言学→computationallinguistics直升飞机→helicoptermarriage→嫁、娶sister→姐、妹uncle→叔父、伯父、舅父、姑父、姨夫等channel-surf→频繁地转换电视频道softlifiting→thepiratingofsoftwareforindividualuseYoujokenearlykilledme.I’mreadingthisbookjusttokilltime.打人、打电话、打交道、打字、打主意、打草惊蛇等3.2DenotativeMeaning蝴蝶≠butterfly：socialbutterfly孔雀≠Peacock：asproudasapeacock，playthepeacock荷花≠lotusflower→lily菊花≠chrysanthemums3.3AffectiveMeaningFamousvs.notoriousAmbitiouspoliticianvs.AmbitiousstatesmanThat‘sthefunniestjokeI’veeverheard.那是我所听过的最风趣的笑话。Iheardafunnynoise.我听到一个奇怪的声响。Theguardwarnedhisprisonernottotryanythingfunny.狱警警告囚犯不要耍什么花招。3.4ReflectiveMeaning望子成龙≠wantone’ssontobeadragon→Chinesedragon/totem;loong亚洲四小龙→fourtigersinAsia龙凤呈祥≠phonex红茶→blacktea，红糖→brownsugar，开门红→tobeginwell，tomakeagoodstart，红光满面→tobehealthyandenergetic，眼红→green-eyed.redcarpet，theredletterdays.turnred；wavearedflaginfrontofsomebody→惹人生气；redwithanger；inthered；red-handed→沾满鲜血的；catchusred-handed→当场抓住；aredbattle→血战；redherring→题外话；redruin→火灾；redlining→圈红线；redcoat→红衣兵；RedBrigade→红色旅3.5CollocativeMeaninga.Pretty+girl,woman,flower,garden,boy,etc.Handsome+boy,man,car,woman,etc.b.Likelyvs.Possible1）Anyillnessispossible.2）Hisillnessislikelytogetworse.3）Itispossible/likelythathisillnesswillgetworse.4）HeismuchmorelikelyinBeijing.c.我们年轻人要像夏天的太阳一样，有一颗赤热的心，要勤奋，要勇敢，还要坚忍，除去懒散怯懦的习惯与怕吃苦的念头，到成年的时候，才能负担重任，创立大事业，收到良好的效果。Asyoungmen,wemustbelikethesummersun,havingafervidheart,wemustbediligent,brave,andfirm,eliminatehabitthatlazytimidandintentionwithoutsufferforit,whenadult,canbearimportanttask,foundbigcause,andreceivegoodresult.错误英文搭配错误来源（中文搭配）正确英文搭配fervidheart赤热的心fieryhearteliminatehabit除去…习惯breakahabitbearimportanttask负担重任assumeheavyresponsibilityfoundbigcause创立大事业launchabigcareerreceivegoodresult收得良好的结果achievegoodresultII.AttheSentenceLevel1.OnSentenceStructure1.1Subject-orientedvs.topic-oriented昨天的事多亏你帮忙。→Thankyouforyourhelpyesterday.//Ioweyoualotforyourhelpyesterday.1.2Staticvs.dynamicEnglishisstatic,andagentnounsarefrequentlyusedtoreplaceverbs,whileChineseisdynamic,usingmoreverbsinasinglesentence.Hisacceptanceofbribesledtohisarrest.→他因受贿而被捕。Sheisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.→她能吃能睡Withoutwater,lifecouldnotgoon.→没有水，生命就无法继续。解决问题的最好办法是进行调查研究。→Thebestwaytosolvetheproblemistoconductinvestigations.他看见一个穿红衣服的女孩。→Hesawagirlinred.他陷入了沉思，一言不发地坐着。→Hesatpensiveandsilent.三天后，病人又起床活动了。→Threedayslater,thepatientwasupandaboutagain.1.3Substitutivevs.ReiterativeGenerallyspeaking,Englishdoesn’tusesomanyrepetitionsasChinesedoes.我们的民族是一个伟大的民族。→Oursisagreatnation./Ournationisagreatone.你答应了帮助他就应当帮助他。→Youshouldhelphimsinceyoupromisedtodoso.2.OnWordOrder2.1.Attributive：Word(s),Phrases,Sentence2.2.Adverbial：Word(s),Phrases,Sentence3.Inversion：LittledidIthenknowthemeaningofwarandwhatitwasinreality．→当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。今天到此为止，我们以后再讨论吧。Allthesewillbediscussedinthefuture,andwe’llnotgofurtheronthemhere.3.OnSentenceOrderTime:a.漂亮的女演员一上台，观众中便爆发出一阵掌声。==Aloudapplauseexplodedfromtheaudiencewhenthebeautifulactresswentonthestage.b．1)HehadflowninjustthedaybeforefromGeorgia2)wherehehadspenthisvacationbaskingintheCaucasiansunafterthecompletio