建筑大师赖特

建築大師萊特的17件代表作•TheAmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA)hasdesignatedseventeenAmericanbuildingsdesignedbyFrankLloydWrighttoberetainedasanexampleofhisarchitecturalcontributiontoAmericanculture.1.FrankLloydWrightResidence(1889),OakPark,Illinois.•WrightconstructedthishouseforhimselfandhisfamilywhileworkingfortheChicagofirmofAdlerandSullivan.Surfacedwithwoodshingles,itistheoldestextantbuildingattributedwhollytoFrankLloydWright.橡樹園自宅2.WilliamH.WinslowHouse(1893),RiverForest,Illinois•TheWinslowHousewasWright'sfirstindependentcommissionafterleavingtheofficesofAdler&Sullivan.AlthoughthedesignisrelatedtohisworkwithAdler&Sullivan,somescholarsthinktheWinslowHouseishisfirstmatureandoriginalbuilding.3.WardW.WilletsHouse(1901),HighlandPark,Illinois•TheWillitsHousewasthefirsthousetoembodyalltheclassicelementsofthePrairiestyle.Wrightbelievedthatthespacewithinthebuildingwasmoreimportantthanitsenclosure,and,withthishouse,heopenedthebox.4.UnityChurch(1904),OakPark,Illinois•UnityChurchwasthefirstsignificantAmericanarchitecturalstatementinpouredconcrete.Wright'suseofconcretewastrulyoriginal,andUnityChurchintroducedthistypeofconstructiononagrandscale.5.FrederickC.RobieHouse(1906),Chicago,Illinois•TheRobieHouseisconsideredWright'smasterpieceofthePrairieStyle.Concealed,cantileveredsteelbeamscreatelong,uninterruptedspacesthatextendthroughwindowsontoporchesandbalconies,makingwallsdisappear.6.HollyhockHouse(1917),LosAngeles,California•TheAlineBarnsdallHollyhockHouse,builtabout1920,wasnamedforitsornamentalforms.Thestructure'smonumentalityanddecorativeelementsevokethearchitectureoftheMayawhichWrightadmiredasmighty,primitiveabstractionsofman'snature.7.TaliesinIII(1925ff),SpringGreen,Wisconsin•TheresidenceofWrightandhisfamilyand,later,thesummerhomeoftheTaliesinFellowship,TaliesinrestsonthebrowofahilloverlookingavalleyoftheWisconsinRiver.Taliesinhasbeendescribedasthearchitect'sautobiographyinwoodandstone.8.Fallingwater(1935),BearRun,Ohiopyle,Pennsylvania•InFallingwater,whichwasbuiltasaweekendretreatforEdgarJ.Kaufmann,weseeWright'sgreatestexpressionoforganicarchitecture--theunionofthestructureandthelanduponwhichitisbuilt.FallingwaterisconsideredWright'smasterwork.瀑布上的房子二十世紀美國建築代表作（排名第一）9.HoneycombHouse(1936),Stanford,California•ThisUsonianhousebuiltforPaulR.Hannaisplannedonahexagonalgridsystemwithmostwallsmeetingat120-degreeangles.Manyinteriorwallsarewoodandcanbeeasilyassembledordisassembledforreconfigurationoflivingspace.10.S.C.JohnsonAdministrationBuilding(1936),Racine,Wisconsin•ThegreatworkroomoftheJohnsonBuildinghasbeencalledoneofWright'smostastonishingspaces.Theslender,hollowconcretecolumnsareeachcapableofsupportingsixtimestheweightimposedonthem.11.TaliesinWest(1937ff),Scottsdale,Arizona•TaliesinWest,thewinterhomeofFrankLloydWrightandtheTaliesinFellowship,appearstobepartofthesurroundingdesertandmountainlandscape.Itisconsideredhismostdramaticassimilationofabuildingintoanaturalenvironment.12.S.C.JohnsonResearchTower(1944),Racine,Wisconsin•Utilizingprinciplesofdesignandconstructionthatheinitiallyconceptualizedinthe1920's,theResearchTowerwasWright'sfirstcantileveredhigh-risestructure.TogetherwiththeearlierAdministrationBuilding,itisconsideredoneofhisgreatestdesigns.詹森公司總部13.UnitarianChurch(1947),ShorewoodHills,Wisconsin•Wrightbelievedthatlightandageometrictypeofspaceallowedastructuretoachievethesacredqualityparticulartoworship.Theplanandroofofthischurcharetriangularandimpartareverentialqualitywithoutrecoursetothesteeple.唯一教派會議廳14.V.C.MorrisGiftShop(1948),SanFrancisco,California•Thefortress-likefacadeoftherectangularstructurethatsurroundsthisretailspaceprotectsthecontentswithin,yetinvitesvisitorstoenter.Theinterior'scircularmezzanine,spiralrampandsensuoussurfacescontrastdramaticallywiththesimplicityoftheexterior.15.PriceCompanyTower(1952),Bartlesville,Oklahoma•WiththePriceTower,whichrises221feetabovetheOklahomaprairie,Wrightexpressestheorganicidealofthetree.Atap-rootfoundationsolidlyanchorsthebuildingtoitssite,andcantileveredfloorshanglikebranchesfromthestructuralcoreofreinforcedconcrete.普萊斯大樓（多角型）16.BethSholomSynagogue(1954),ElkinsPark,Pennsylvania•Theglasswallsofthistent-likestructurearesuspendedfromasteeltripodframethatallowsthesanctuarytosoartoaheightof100feetwithoutinternalsupports.Wrightwantedtocreatethekindofbuildinginwhichpeople,onenteringit,willfeelasiftheywererestinginthehandsofGod.“貝斯梭隆猶太教堂17.SolomonR.GuggenheimMuseum(1956),NewYork,NewYork•Ofthemuseum'sinteriorWrightsaid,Wearenotbuildingacellularcompositionofcompartments,butonewhereallisonegreatspaceonacontinuousfloor...nomeetingoftheeyewithangularorabruptchangesofform...Ithasbeencalledoneofthegreatarchitecturalspacesofthe20thcentury.紐約古根漢美術館圓圈、迴旋及貝殼打破房間是由四面牆所組成的