Realism M&Henry James

Realism1865---1914SocialbackgroundofrealismMarkTwain(1835-1910)O.Henry(1862-1910)HenryJames(1843-1916)SocialBackgroundp1-3IndustrialismAsocietybasedonmasslaborandmassconsumptionMechanizationLowerclassgetpoweratthepolls“TheGlidedAge”LiteratureFeaturesp4-8Authors:womenbegantoemergeaswritermiddle-classandjournalisticwriterRealism---toportrayAmericanlifeasitwasLocalColorism---thedialects,customs,sightsandsoundsofregionalAmericaweredescribedNaturalism---aharsherrealismattheendofthecenturyMarkTwain(1835-1910)anAmericanIconLocalColorism1.Definitionatypeofwritingpopularinthelate19thcentury,particularlyamongauthorsintheAmericanSouth.Localcolorismisthedetailedrepresentationinprosefictionofthesetting,dialect,customs,dressandwaysofthinkingandfeelingwhicharedistinctiveofaparticularregion.2.Localcolorists:MarkTwain,BretHarte,WillaCather,JohnSteinbeckandWilliamFaulkner.TheCivilWarputanendtorivertraffic,andin1862ClemenswentWtoCarsonCity,Nev.,wherehefailedinseveralget-rich-quickschemes.HeeventuallybeganwritingfortheVirginiaCityExaminerandlaterwasanewspapermaninSanFrancisco.Soonthehumorist“MarkTwain”emerged,awriteroftalltalesandabsurdanecdotes.Thedeathofhiswifein1904inFlorenceandhisseconddaughterdarkenedtheauthor'slateryears,whichisalsoseeninwritingsandhisposthumouslypublishedautobiography(1924).TwaindiedonApril21,1910.HisMajorworks1.TheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(1865)《卡城名蛙》2.InnocentsAbroad(1869)《傻子出国记》3.RoughingIt(1872)《艰难岁月》4.TheGildedAge(withCharlesDudleywaenner,1873)《镀金时代》5.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)《汤姆·索亚历险记》6.LifeontheMississippi(1883)《密西西比河上的生活》7.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884)《哈克贝利费恩历险记》8.TheTragedyofPudd’nheadWilson(1894)《傻瓜威尔逊》9.TheManthatCorruptedHadleyburg(1900)《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》10.TheMysteriousStranger(1916)《神秘的陌生人11.WhatIsMan?(1906)《人是什么》TheAdventuresofTomSawyerPicturesfrom“aboy’sbook”;itssequel,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnbecamehismasterpiece,theonebookfromwhich,asErnestHemingwaynoted,“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”HuckleberryFinn(1884)wasfirstconsideredadultfiction.HuckFinnpaintedapictureofMississippifrontierlife.Huck,whocouldnotpossiblywriteastory,tellsusthestory.HuckleberryFinnLifeinSt.PetersburgHuck&JimTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnTheme:humanismwillfinallywinSpecialpointofview:serioussocialproblemsdiscussedthroughthenarrationofalittleilliterateboyColloquialstyle:averyimportantcontributionofthisnoveltoAmericanliteratureFeaturesofthelanguageusedinthenovel:mostlyAnglo-Saxoninorigin,short,concreteanddirectineffect;sentencestructureismostlysimpleorcompound;repetitionofwords;ungrammaticalelementsMarkTwainmadethecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofAmerica.O.Henry(1862-1910)ShortstoryWilliamSidneyPorterLittleeducated,goodatstory-telling18,movetoTexas25,(1887)Married;andstartedasadraftsman,atasalaryof$100amonth29,(1891)beganworkingattheFirstNationalBankofAustinasatellerandbookkeeper40,(1902),movedtoNewYorkCity.1910,diedTheLastLeaf《最后一片藤叶》artistsJohnsyandSueBehrmanTheGiftoftheMagi《麦琪的礼物》ChristmasgiftsDella’sbeautifulhairJim’swatchjeweledcombschainforJim'swatchTheCopandtheAnthem《警察与赞美诗》Soapyp65-66:SoapyattemptstogotojailforthewinterP66-HowmanytimesdidSoapytry??3.HenryJames(1843-1916)novelist,literarycritic,playwrightandessayist1)WorksDaisyMiller《黛西·米勒》1879TheAmerican1877ThePortraitofaLady1881TheBostonians1886ThePrincessCasamassima1886《卡萨马西玛王妃》1865-1881internationalnovel/theme1882-1895talesofinter-personalrelationships.1.2.TheWingsoftheDove《鸽翼》1902TheAmbassadors《奉使记》1903TheGoldenBowl《金碗》19043.33.2)Life73-75awealthyculturedfamilyofNewEngland.Hisfather,wasaneminentphilosopherandreformer,andhisbrother,WilliamJames,wastobethefamousphilosopherandpsychologist.HenryJameswasoneofthefewauthorsinAmericanliteraryhistorywhodidnothavetoworryaboutmoney.HewasexposedtotheculturalinfluenceofEuropeataveryearlyage.Laterhemetanddevelopedalife-longfriendshipwithWilliamDeanHowells.ForawhileheattendedtheHarvardLawSchool.HetouredEngland,FranceandItalyHesettleddowninLondonin1876andspenttherestofhislifethere.In1915,hebecameanaturalizedBritishcitizen.3)EvaluationHenryJameswasaprolificwriter.Hecomposednovels,travelpapers,criticalessays,literaryportraits,plays,autobiographiesandaseriesofcriticalprefacesontheartoffiction.HenryJamesproducedanumberofinternationalnovels.Hewasfascinatedwithhis“internationaltheme”.“internationaltheme”innocentAmericansinEuropeexperiencefrominnocencetomaturityandknowledgeDaisyMillerThePortraitofaLadyThePortraitofaLadyinternationalthemeMajorcharacters:IsabelArcherMrs./Mr.Touchett---RalphTouchettHenriettaStackpoleLordWarburtonCasparGoodwoodGilbertOsmondMadameMerlePansyEdwardRosierCountessGeminisuitorsAunt；uncle；cousinHerhusbandTheirdaughterWhathappenedinthefollowingplaces?Majorplaces:America---EuropeEngland（Gardencourt---London）ParisFlorenceRome“Humorismankind'sgreatestblessing.”PicturefromDaveThomsoncollection: