Session 1-Climate Change-Adaptation in Africa-The

ClimateChangeAdaptationinAfrica:theRoleoftheAfricAnDevelopmentBAnk”DanielePonziManagerSustainableDevelopmentDivision7thAnnualDonors’MeetingonAgricultureandRuralDevelopmentinWestandCentralAfrica30-31October2007,TUNIS–TunisiaAFRICANDEVELOPMENTBANKContents•KeyimpactsandthreatsinAfrica•TheResponse:ClimateAdaptation•Adaptation:TheBankApproach•Adaptation:BankPolicy•Adaptation:CapacityBuilding(Climateinformation)•Adaptation:ProjectInterventions•ConclusionsProjectedImpactsofClimateChangeSource:SternReview1.ClimateChangeeffectsandimpacts•Moreseveredroughts•Desertification•Changingecosystems•Reducedcropyields•Floodingsandstorms•Increasedvectordiseases•RisingsealevelAfrica:KeyImpacts•Africaistheleastresponsiblebuthardesthitcontinent•Water:By2020,75-250millionpeoplewillfaceincreasedwaterstress.•Thiswilladverselyaffectlivelihoodsandexacerbatewater-relatedproblems.NorthAfrica:acutewaterscarcityproblems.•Agriculture:Theareasuitableforagriculture,lengthofgrowingseason,andyieldpotentialisexpectedtodecrease,particularlyinsemi-aridandaridareas.•Foodsecuritywillbecompromised,malnutritionwillincrease.Africa:KeyImpacts(contd.)•Fisheries:Decreasingfisheriesinlargelakesduetorisingwatertemperatureswillnegativelyaffectlocalfoodsupply.•Health:Vectorbornediseaseswillshift.•IncreasesinmalariaareexpectedinSouthernAfricaandtheEastAfricanhighlands.Flood-anddrought-relatedillnesseswillincrease.(Cholera,malaria,riftvalleyfever,etc)•SeaLevelRise:•Mangrovesandcoralreefswillbefurtherdegraded,withadditionalconsequencesforfisheriesandtourism.•Peopleatriskfromcoastalflooding(from1millin1990to70mill.in2080)•Costofadaptationtosealevelriseincoastalareascouldbe5-10%ofGDP.Africa’sVulnerability•Africaisparticularlyvulnerabletoimpactsofclimatevariabilityandclimatechangebecauseofitsmultiplestressesandlowadaptivecapacity•Climatechangewillthreatenallaspectsofthedevelopmentagenda:•Incomepovertyandhunger(thepooresthardesthit)•Directandindirecthealtheffects(malaria,Tsetsefly,etc)•Displacement,migrationandconflict•Impactsalreadyhere(Naturalresources&Infrastructure)•EquityDimension:Developedcountriesareresponsiblefortheproblemandwillhavetoprovideassistance(financial,technical,etc.)TheResponse:Adaptation•Adaptationisessentialtomanageclimatechangeimpactsandmaximizedevelopmentoutcomes.•Developmentiskeytoadaptation:itenhancesresilience(reducingvulnerabilities)andincreasescapacity.•Adaptationrequireseconomy-wideplanning,regionalco-operationaswellaslocalengagement–Leadershipandco-ordinationisessential:keyroleforHeadsofGovernment,FinanceandEconomicMinistries,activeengagementoflocalcommunitiesandstakeholdersTheResponse:AdaptationExamples:•Weather&ClimateForecasting(farmers’decisions)•Historical&RealTimeclimateobservations(EWS)–Improveddisastermanagementandresponse•Moreresilientcropvarieties(droughtresilient)•Technologiesforwaterconservationandirrigation•Newmethodstocombatlanddegradation•Preventionandtreatmentofmalariaandotherwater-andvector-bornediseasesAdaptation:BankApproach•TheBankhasstartedin2006aclimateadaptationandclimateriskmanagementprogramwithinterventionsatpolicy,capacityandprojectlevel.•TheBankadoptsanintegratedClimateRiskManagementapproach–i.e.integratingadaptationanddisasterriskmanagement(promotingclimatechangeadaptationbyaddressingfirstcurrentclimatevariabilityrisks(reducingcostsofnaturaldisasters,urgency&immediatebenefits,avoidingwrongadaptation)–i.e.climatechangeasaneconomicandsocialriskratherthanalongtermenvironmentalproblem•Thiswillgeneratesynergiesandlocalbenefits,bothdirectlyandindirectly,towardssustainabledevelopmentandpovertyreduction.BankApproach:CRMPolicy1.CRMPolicy:•AfDBiscurrentlyworkingonthepreparationofitsnewPolicyonclimateriskmanagementandadaptation.Thepolicyhas2pillars:•A)DuediligenceinBankoperations:ItwillguideAfDB’sfutureworkto“climateproof”itsportfolioofoperations(agriculture,naturalresources,humandevelopmentandinfrastructureinvestments,amongothers)and•B)TargetedAssistancetoRMCs:ItwillsupportAfricancountries’earlyeffortstoimprovetheirresiliencetocurrentclimatevariabilityandfutureclimatechangeimpacts;BankApproach:CapacityBuilding2.Capacitybuilding(ClimateInformation):•AfDBisactiveinsupportingcapacitybuildingforadaptationatBankandcountrylevel•Supportingdevelopmentoftoolsandapproachesfor“climateproofing”andclimateresiliencecountrystrategyandprojectdevelopment(climatescreeningtools,climateassessments,andcountryandsectorclimatevulnerabilityprofiles).•Tools,methodsandlessons(relatingtoplans/policies,institutions,investments)willalsoresultfromvariousadaptationandSLMprojectsnowunderpreparation;BankApproach:CapacityBuilding(cont.d)ClimateInformation:•Bankhasactivitiesonclimateinformationfordevelopment,disasterriskreductionandimprovednaturalresourcesmanagementwithvariousAfricaninstitutionsandbilateralagencies.•AfDBisapartner,togetherwiththeAfricanUnionandUNECA,oftheJoint-SecretariatforClim-DevAfrica(ClimateforDevelopmentinAfricaprogram)andisalreadycontributing,bothfinanciallyandtechnically,toanumberofactivitiesunderthisprogram.BankApproach:Projec