An Overview of Accountability Mechanisms in Public

Ufahamu:AJournalofAfricanStudiesUCLAPeerReviewed同行评审Title:题目：AnOverviewofAccountabilityMechanismsinPublic-PrivatePartnershipsinSouthAfrica南非的公私合作问责机制概述JournalIssue:期刊号：Ufahamu:AJournalofAfricanStudies,37(1)Ufahamu:非洲研究杂志，37（1）Author:作者：Fombad,Madeleine,UNISAFombad,Madeleine,UNISAPublicationDate:2013出版日期：2013Permalink:永久链接：:DeKeywords:关键词：accountabilitypublicprivatepartershipSouthAfrica责任公共合作南非LocalIdentifier:international_asc_ufahamu_13947Abstract:摘要Public-privatepartnerships(PPPs)aregenerallyenvisagedbycountriesaroundtheworldasmajorinnovativepolicytoolsthatwillremedyingthelackofdynamismintraditionalpublicservicedeliverybyincreasinginvestmentininfrastructureaswellasimprovingthedeliveryofsocialservices.Tothisend,theSouthAfricangovernmentsince1999hasadoptedtheuseofPPPsasanintegralstrategyinitsnationalandinternationaldevelopmentalplan.However,withthegrowingtrendsininternationalbestpractice,noticeableloopholesandomissionshavebeenobservedintheexistingPPPlegalframeworkresultinginsomeaccountabilitygaps.Therefore,ifthegovernmentneedstocomplimentitsdevelopmentalaspirations,thereisaneedtoinstilltheconfidenceandcompetitivenessamongstbidderstousePPPsascoherentdevelopmentorientatedbestvaluetooltodeliverservicesandinfrastructurestotaxpayers.ThispaperthereforedrawsattentiontosomeoftheaccountabilitychallengesresultingfromthePPPlegalframeworkandsuggestssometechniquesthatcouldserveasaplatformforthepossiblereviewandamendmentofcorecompetencies公私合作（PPPs）一般被设想为世界各国主要的创新政策工具，将通过增加基础设施投资和改善提供的社会服务来弥补传统公共服务所缺乏的活力。为此，自1999年以来，南非政府已通过利用公私合作作为其在国家和国际的发展计划中一项不可或缺的战略。然而，随着国际最佳做法对公私合作的问责机制与良好治理的趋势增长，明显的漏洞和疏忽在现有的公私合作的法律框架下被发现。因此，如果政府要实现其发展愿景，有必要通过使用公私合作作为连贯和发展的最佳工具向纳税人提供服务和基础设施，来向投标人灌输信心和竞争。因此，本文关注一些由公私合作的法律框架所带来的问责制挑战，并提出一些技术，这些技术可以作为一个可能进行审查和修订核心竞争力的平台。CopyrightInformation:Allrightsreservedunlessotherwiseindicated.Contacttheauthorororiginalpublisherforanynecessarypermissions.eScholarshipisnotthecopyrightownerfordepositedworks.Learnmoreat南非的公私合作问责机制概述Abstract摘要Public-privatepartnerships(PPPs)aregenerallyenvisagedbycountriesaroundtheworldasmajorinnovativepolicytoolsthatwillremedythelackofdynamismintraditionalpublicservicedeliverybyincreasinginvestmentininfrastructureaswellasimprovingthedeliveryofsocialservices.Tothisend,since1999theSouthAfricangovernmenthasadoptedtheuseofPPPsasanintegralstrategyinitsnationalandinternationaldevelopmentalplan.However,withthegrowingtrendsininternationalbestpracticeforaccountabilityandgoodgovernanceinPPPsnoticeableloopholesandomissionshavebeenobservedintheexistingPPPlegalframework.Therefore,ifthegovernmentneedstofulfilitsdevelopmentalaspirations,thereisaneedtoinstilltheconfidenceandcompetitivenessamongstbidderstousePPPsascoherentanddevelopment-orientatedbestvaluetoolstodeliverservicesandinfrastructurestotaxpayers.Hence,thispaperdrawsattentiontosomeoftheaccountabilitychallengesresultingfromthePPPlegalframeworkandsuggestssometechniquesthatcouldserveasaplatformforthepossiblereviewandamendmentofcorecompetencies公私合作（PPPs）一般被设想为世界各国主要的创新政策工具，将通过增加基础设施投资和改善提供的社会服务来弥补传统公共服务所缺乏的活力。为此，自1999年以来，南非政府已通过利用公私合作作为其在国家和国际的发展计划中一项不可或缺的战略。然而，随着国际最佳做法对公私合作的问责机制与良好治理的趋势增长，明显的漏洞和疏忽在现有的公私合作的法律框架下被发现。因此，如果政府要实现其发展愿景，有必要通过使用公私合作作为连贯和发展的最佳工具向纳税人提供服务和基础设施，来向投标人灌输信心和竞争。因此，本文关注一些由公私合作的法律框架所带来的问责制挑战，并提出一些技术，这些技术可以作为一个可能进行审查和修订核心竞争力的平台。Keywords关键词Public-privatepartnership,accountability,communityparticipation,transparency,2MillenniumDevelopmentGoals公私合作、问责制、社区参与、透明度、千年发展目标AnOverviewofAccountabilityMechanismsinPublic-PrivatePartnershipsinSouthAfrica南非的公私合作问责机制概述1.Introduction导论Public-privatepartnerships(PPPs)areenvisagedbycountriesaroundtheworldasmajorinnovativepolicytoolsthatwillremedythelackofdynamismintraditionalpublicservicedeliverybyincreasinginvestmentininfrastructureaswellasimprovingthedeliveryofsocialservices.Tothisend,since1999theSouththeAfricangovernmenthasadoptedtheuseofPPPsasanintegralstrategyinitsnationalandinternationaldevelopmentalplantoimproveitsdeeplyrootedsocio-economic,political,fiscal,andsocietalproblems.ExamplesofthedevelopmentstrategiesaretheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDG),1theAcceleratedandGrowthInitiativeforSouthAfrica(Asgi-SA2),theMediumTermStrategicFramework(MTSF,2009–2014),3andtheNationalDevelopmentPlan(NDP)thatchartsthedevelopmentandprogressofthecountryuntil2030.SouthAfricaistheleadingsub-SaharancountryinPPPs,withrobustlegislationandpolicies.ThecountryhascompletedsomeofthemostsuccessfulPPPs,amongstwhicharetheGautrainstate-of-the-artrapidrailnetwork,4theInkosiAlbertLuthuliHospital,andtollroadssuchastheN1,N2,N3,andN4.However,withthegrowingtrendsininternationalbestpracticeforaccountabilitynoticeableloopholesandomissionshavebeenobservedintheexistinglegalframeworkforPPPs.,resultingin1TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)weredevelopedattheUnitedNationsMillenniumSummitin2000by193UnitedNationsmemberstatesa