中国公司法与合伙法

PublishedbyVerlagC.H.BeckoHG,Wilhelmstrafle9,80801München,Germany,eMail:[e-mail]-publishedbyHartPublishing,16CWorcesterPlace,Oxford,OXI21W,UnitedKingdom,eMail:hartpub.co.ukPublishedinNorthAmerica(USandCanada)byHartPublishing,doInternationalSpecializedBook,Services,930NE58thAvenue,Suite300,Portland,OR97213-3786,USA,eMail:[e-mail]2oISBN978-3-406-59896-8(VerlagC.H.Beck)ISBN978-1-84946-058-3(HartPublishing)©2010VerlagC.H.BeckoHGWilhelmstraule9,80801MunchenPrintedinGermanybyfgb.freiburgergraphischebetriebeBebelstraile11.79108FreiburgTypesetbyReemersPublishingServicesGmbH,KrefeldAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedstoredinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissionofVerlagC.H.Beck,orasexpresslypermittedbylawunderthetermsagreedwiththeapproprJatereprographicrightsorganisation.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionwhichmaynotbecoveredbytheaboveshouldbeaddressedtoC.H.Beckattheaddressabove.IPrefaceandAcknowledgmentsThankstoitsnatureasanemergingmajorjurisdiction,Chineselawsparksgreatinterestamongforeignreaders.Forpractitioners,itisimportanttokeeptrackofnewlegaldevelopmentswhichmaygiverisetopracticalquestionstocomplywithinthecourseofconductingbusinessactivitiesinChina.Foracademics,itisintriguingtoobservethematuringprocessofahybridlegalregimewhichhasbeenbuiltbyadoptingmodelsandexperiencesfromothernations,interaliatheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountries,inparticularGermany.Atthesametime,dealingwithChineselawisaccompaniedwithdifficultiescausedbythepeculiaritiesoftheChineselegalregime.First,thelawinChinaisevolvingdynamically,tocertainextentevenwithvolatilityinareassuchasoutboundinvestmentandsecurities.Inthisconstantlychanginglegalenvironmentitisdifficulttocapturethelatestdevelopmentevenwithbestefforts,letalonetogivereliablepredictions.Second,Chineselawmakers’inclinationtopragmaticapproachandsuccessivelegalreformmakesChineselawlesssystemizedandconsistent.Itsadministrativeandjudicialpracticeoftenlacksthenecessarytransparencyandpredictability.Consequently,foreignreadersfrequentlyhavetomanoeuvrethemselvesthroughconsiderableambiguitiesanduncertaintyinthehandlingwithChineselaw.Third,theeconomicandpoliticalcontextinwhichChineselawisoperatingdifferssignificantlyfromWesterncountries.TounderstandChineselaw,itisindispensabletobeawareofthetransitionalnatureoftheChineseeconomyanditsvarioussocialistlegacies.Chinesebusinesslawisstillcharacterizedbyahighdensityofgovernmentregulation,inparticularwhereforeigninvestorsareconcerned,albeitmarketparticipantsareincreasinglygainingmoreeconomicautonomy.ThereformofSOEsremainsaprevailingconcernoftheChinesegovernmentinregulatingtheeconomy,whichpartlydeterminesthedirectionofenforcementofnewlycreatedlegaltoolssuchastheBankruptcyLawandtheAnti-monopolyLaw.TheChinesesecuritiesregulatorseemstotreatthemaintenanceofindexstabilitytobeamajortaskofstockmarketregulationandactsaccordingtothisrationale.Lastbutnotleast,althoughforeignobserversmayoftenrecallcomparableprovisionsintheirownlegalsystemwhilestudyingChineselaw,itisagreatlinguisticchallengetotranslateChineselegalterminologyanddoctrinesthatareoftenborrowedfromothernationsintoalanguageaccessibletoreadersofvariousjurisdictions,eachofwhichshareonlyafractionofcommonfeatureswiththeChineselegalsystem.Bearingthisinmind,thisbookisdesignedtoaddressaspectsofChineselawwithafocusonbusinesstransactionsfromacomparativeperspective.MostauthorsaretrainedbothinChinaandotherjurisdictionsandadvisingforeignclientsintheirdailywork.Beingverywellawareofthesepeculiarities,theyareapttoillustrateChineselawwithaviewtogivingpracticalguidancetotheirreaders.Eachchapterfollowsthesameconceptandconsistsoftwosections.Thefirstsectiongivesanoverviewoverthehistoricalevolutionorgeneralassessmentofaspecificfieldoflaw,whilethesecondoneanalyzesthemainissuesindepthandaddressesquestionsraisedinacademicdiscussionsorbypractitioners,occasionallyPrefaceandAcknowledgmentsalsotouchinguponcuttingedgequestions.Inareassuchasanti-monopolyandbankruptcylawwherethelegalframeworkisstillinitsinfancyorwheredoctrinequestionsdominatetherelevantdiscussionsuchaswithsecuredtransactions,theauthorsputmoreweightonscholarlyanalysis.InareaslikeM&AandoutboundListofAuthorsinvestmentwhereacademicreasoningonlyplaysalimitedrole,theauthorshavechosentoapproachcontroversialissuespragmaticallybydrawingontheirownProf.Dr.YuanshjBu,LL.M.(Harvard)practicalexperience.Asfarasavailable,decisionsofChinesecourtsandthelatestChairforEastAsiaBusinessLaw,UniversityofFreiburg,Germanyscholarlyresearchfindingsarealsoconsidered.AbriefsummaryoftherespectivefieldoflawisincludedattheendofsomechapterstohighlightthemajorconcernsProf.Dr.CarlosESPLUGUESMOTA,LL.M.(Harvard)again.ProfessorofPrivateInternationalLaw,DirectoroftheDepartmentofInternationalThisbookprimarilyaimstoprovideanupdated,conciseanddetailedguidanceofLawUniversityofValencia,SpainChinesebusinesslawbothtopractitionersandacademics.ItbeginswithachapterQiGE,LL.M.(UniversityCollege,London)onChina’saccessiontoWTO,whichconstitutesthedriving