液化石油气罐区危险性的定量评价

刘　茂　杜雅萍许长增　王援相(天津商学院制冷系)(天津市津联劳动卫生工程研究所)液化石油气罐区的主要危险是贮罐区发生火灾、爆炸事故。运用数学模型对液化石油气贮罐的危险性进行定量化评价,估算其爆炸事故的严重程度、波及范围、影响程度等。液化石油气　火灾　爆炸　危险性　安全评价11.1,30006(G1-G6),G1G2230m3,G3G6450m3,()1101.2(LPG),,11(15.6)0.500.510.570.58(15.6)1.401.551.902.10%V/V2.21.8%V/V9.58.547036019771982()kJ/kgkJ/m3462648352745636108438()m/s0.820.82mJ0.311.3(LPG)1)110,76199712ChinaSafetyScienceJournalVol.7No.6Dec.19972),:(VCE);(BLEVE),,[2,3,4],,,,()(),,22.1(LPG)(VCE)6:50m34+30m32=260m385%,LPG0.5,110Wf=110103kg1)TNTWTNT=1.8WfQf/QTNT,WTNTTNT(kg);QTNTTNT(4.52MJ/kg);Wf(kg);Qf(MJ/kg);E(J);Ps(atm);1.8;0.04,WTNT=1.80.0411010346264/4520=81.06103kg(TNT)2)R1R1=13.6(WTNT/1000)0.37=69.1570m3)R2Ps=0.137Z-3+0.119Z-2+0.269Z-1-0.019Z=R2/(E/P0)1/3Ps=44000/P0,P0=101300PaR2170m4)R3,Z=R3/(E/P0)1/3,Ps=17000/P0=0.168R3=302m300m5)R4R4=KWTNT1/3/[1+(3175/WTNT)2]1/6,K,K=5.6[3]R4=242mLPG/:R1=70mR2=170mR3=300mR4=242m46ChinaSafetyScienceJournal1997LPG,,70m,,,2.2(LPG)(BLEVE)6260m3,LPG:110103kg,,90%W=0.9110103=99103kg1)R=2.9W1/3=134mt=0.45W1/3=21sPr=5,:2)Pr=-37.23+2.56ln(tq14/3)Pr=5,t=21s,q1=24140W/m23)()Pr=-43.14+3.019ln(tq24/3)Pr=5,t=21sq2=15866W/m24)()Pr=-39.83+3.019ln(tq34/3)q3=7000W/m25)q4=6730t-4/5+25400q4=2590026000W/m2,/q(r)=q0R2r(1-0.058lnr)/(R2+r2)3/2,R,r,rRq0=70000W/m2,/r134m,r134m,()R=134m,qmax=17.7kW/m2qmaxq1q4,21,(r134m),,r1r4:r2=158m,q15.9kW/m2,r3=304m,q7kW/m2,,R=134m,,,,(134mr304m),3/(VCE)(BLEVE)R1=70mr1134m()R2=170mr2=158mR3=300mr3=304m47:R4=242mr4134m(),,(收稿日期:1997年4月;作者通讯地址:天津市津霸公路东口;天津商学院制冷系热工教研室;邮政编码:300400)1　津联劳动卫生工程研究所.天津市第一日用化学厂工程项目劳动安全卫生预评价报告书,1997.2.2　宇德明、冯长根等.爆炸的破坏作用与伤害分区.中国安全科学学报增刊.1995(5):133　W.E.Baker、P.A.Cox、P.S.Westine、J.J.Kulesz&R.A.Streblow.“ExplosionHazardsandEvalua-tion”.Elsevier,1983.4　P.A.Davies.AGuidetotheEvaluationofCondensedPhaseExplosions.JournalofHazardousMateri-als.Vol.33.1993.1.5　R.M.J.WithersandF.P.Lees.Theassessmentofmajorhazards:Thelethaleffectsofacondensedphaseexplosionsinabuiltuparea.HazaresⅥ:NewDirectionsinProcessSafety.Hemispher,1991.6　P.A.Davies.Aguidetotheevaluationofcondensedphaseexplosions,J.Haz.Mat.,Vol.33,1993.1.MajorRiskAssessmentfortheAreaofLiquefiedPetroleumGasStorageVesselsLiuMao　DuYapingXuChangzeng　WangYuanxiang(TianjinUniversityofCommerce)(JinlianLabourHealthEngineeringInstitute)AbstractFireandexplosionarethemajorrisksintheareaofliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)stor-agevessels.Mathematicalmodelsareusedinthequantitativeassessmentandcalculationforthedamagewhichcouldpossiblyhappeninthisarea.Keywords:　Liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)　Fire　Explosion　Risk　Safetyassessment48ChinaSafetyScienceJournal1997Prof.SeniorEngineerEngineerAssociateProf.