Ancient-Greek-mythology

GreekmythologyAttheverybeginning,themotheroflandGaia(盖亚)wasbornformthechaos(卡俄斯，即混沌).Thenshegavebirthtothegodofheavenandthegodofseabyherself,andmarriedwithherfirst-bornsonUranus(乌拉诺斯).Theyhavemanychildrenwhoweretitans(泰坦巨神).BecauseUranustreatedherandherchildrenbad,GaiapersuadedheryoungestsonCronus(克洛诺斯)toemasculate（阉割)hisfather.Cronusbecametheruleroftheuniverse.HemarriedwithhissisterRhea(瑞亚)andborn5childs.Gaiahadapremonitionthatoneofhissonwouldtaketheplaceofhim.Cronuswassoafraidthatheswallowed(吞)eachchildassoonasheorshewasborn.Rheacouldn’tbearthepainoflosingherchildanymoresoshehidheryoungestsonZeusandhandedastonetoCronus.WhenZeusgrewup,withthehelpofGaiaandmanyothergods,hereleasedhissiblings(兄弟姐妹)andsincethentheyruledtheuniverse.Zeus/Jupiter(/ˈzjuːs/)宙斯“FatherofGodsandmen”whoruledtheOlympiansofMountOlympus（奥林匹斯山12神）asafatherruledthefamily.HewasthegodofskyandthunderinGreekmythology.HisRomancounterpart（对应者）wasJupiter.Hera/Juno赫拉(/ˈhɛrə/)wasthewifeandoneofthreesistersofZeusintheOlympianpantheon（神）.Herchieffunctionwasasthegoddessofwomenandmarriage.Herawasknownforherjealousandvengeful（报复）nature,mostnotably（尤其是）againstZeus‘sloversandoffspring（子女）,butalsoagainstmortals（人）whocrossed（惹怒）her.Poseidon/Neptune波塞冬wasthegodofthesea,and,asEarth-Shaker,ofearthquakesinGreekmythology.HewasthebrotherofZeus.Hades/Pluto哈得斯(/ˈheɪdiːz/)istheoldestmalechildofCronusandRhea.Accordingtomyth,heandhisbrothersZeusandPoseidondefeatedtheTitans（泰坦巨神）andclaimed（索取）rulership（统治权）overthecosmos（宇宙）,rulingtheunderworld,air,andsea,respectively（各自）.Becauseofhisassociationwiththeunderworld,Hadesisofteninterpreted（被看作）inmoderntimesasthepersonification（化身）ofdeatheventhoughhewasnot.HemarrieswithPersephone（珀尔塞福涅）whoisthedaughterofhissisterDemeter（得墨忒尔）.Demeter/Ceres(/diˈmiːtər/)得墨忒尔ThoughDemeterisoftendescribedsimplyasthegoddessoftheharvest(谷物),shepresided（负责）alsooverthesanctityofmarriage（圣洁的婚姻）,thesacredlaw（庄严的法律）,andthecycle（轮回）oflifeanddeath.HerdaughterPersephone（珀尔塞福涅）wasrobbedbyHadestobehiswife.Shehadtospent4monthsoftheyearintheunderworld(causingwinter),andwasallowedtoreturntoMountOlympusfor8monthsinordertobewithhermother,Demeter;who,duringthistime,wouldbeinwoe(痛苦)andnotbewiththeOlympiansHermes/Mercury赫尔墨斯(/ˈhɜrmiːz/)Sonofzeus.Heisthegodofguidance（向导）,travelers(行人),shepherds（牧羊人）,commerce(商业),andmessengeroftheGods.Hissymbolsincludethetortoise（乌龟）,therooster（公鸡）,thewingedsandals（带翅膀的凉鞋）,thewingedhat,andthecaduceus（节杖）.Apollo阿波罗SonofZeusandLetto(勒托goddessofthedarkness).AccordingtoGreekmythology,LettowasdrivenbyHerafromland.AtlastPoseidontookpityonherandbroughttheislandofDelosoutofwaterforhertoliveon.Thereshegavebirthtothetwins,ApolloandArtemis（阿尔忒弥斯）.Apolloisthegodoflight,dance,music,medicine,archery(箭术)etc.Apollostoodforyouthfulandmanlybeauty.Hisgoldenhair,statelymannerandairallcombinedtomakehimtheadmirationoftheworld.ApolloandDaphneWeallknowthestoryoflaurel(桂冠)andallfeelpityforApolloandDaphne(达芙妮).HereIwanttoshowyouanotherstoryaboutApollowhichdepresses(使……难过)me：Abeautifulgirl,bythenameofClytle（克里提）oncehelpedApollobychanceandwassofondofhisbeautyandglorythatdawntodusk(从黎明到黄昏)sheknelt(跪)ontheground,herhandsoutstretchedtowards（伸向）thesun-godandhereyeslookedathisgoldenwheeledcarriage（金质马车）racingacrossthebluesky.Thoughherlovewasnotreturned,shehadneverchangedhermindaboutApollo.Thegodsweremovedbythesadsightandchangedherintoasunflower.Artemis/Diana阿尔忒弥斯thetwinsisterofApollo.ShewastheHellenic（希腊人的）goddessofthehunt,wildanimals,wilderness（荒野）,childbirth,virginity（贞洁）andyounggirls,bringingandrelievingdiseaseinwomen;sheoftenwasdepicted（描绘）asahuntresscarryingabowandarrows（弓箭）.Sheisoneofthethreevirginpatrones（处女神）ofAthens,anothertwoareDaphneandAthena.Athena/Minerva雅典娜(/əˈθiːnə/)DaughterofZeus.Sheisthegoddessofwisdom,civilization（文明）,warfare（战争）,strength,strategy（战略）,femalearts,crafts（女工）,justiceandskill（公平和技艺）.Athenaisalsoashrewd（聪明的）companion（同伴）ofheroesandthegoddessofheroicendeavour（英勇）.Hephaestus赫淮斯托斯isthesonofHeraandZeus.Heisthegodoffire,workmanship(手艺),artisans（工匠）andweaponry（兵器）.HephaestusissourglythatHeraoncehadabandonedhimbutheisverykind.HiswifeisAphrodite(阿佛洛狄忒).Aphrodite/Venus阿佛洛狄忒(/æfrəˈdaɪti/)istheGreekgoddessoflove,beauty,andsexuality(性).ShewasbornwhenCronus(克洛诺斯)cutoffUranus（乌拉诺斯）‘genitals（生殖器）andthrewthemintothesea,andfromtheseafoam（泡沫）aroseAphrodite.Becauseofherbeautyothergodsfearedthatjealousywouldinterruptthepeaceamongthemandleadtowar,soZeusmarriedhertoHephaestus,whowasnotviewedasathreat（威胁）.Aphroditehadmanylovers,suchasgodlikeAres（阿瑞斯）.Ares/Mars阿瑞斯SonofZeusandHera.Areswasappointed（委任）godofwar.Hewasterribleandmajestic(威严的)andhismarch(行军，走动)shooktheworld.OfallthemajorgodsatOlympus,hewasthemosthateful,lovingstruggleandwarandalwaysthirstyforblood.NoonelikeshimexceptAphrodite.Maybethiscanexplainwhybeautyalwaysaccompanieswiththewar(战争与美共存).Ontheotherhand,hesignifiedcourageandvictoryinbattle(战斗),andwasdevoutly(虔诚地)worshipped(崇拜).Prayerswereaddressed（致辞)tohimbeforethewarandspoils（战利品)presentedathisalter(祭坛)afterit.Eroswasthegodoflove,betterknownbyhislat