55基于单片机的电加热恒温箱控制器设计

基于单片机的电加热恒温箱控制器设计摘要:恒温箱作为一种重要的工具广泛地应用于医疗、工业生产和食品加工等领域。在常规的环境参数中，由于温度受其它因素影响较大，且难以校准，温度也是最难准确测量的一个参数。因此，恒温箱的性能在很大程度上取决于对温度的控制性能。本设计采用单片机对恒温箱的温度进行PID控制，使其温度稳定在某一个设定值上。并且具有键盘输入温度给定值、定时时间，LED数码管显示温度值/时间和定时报警的功能，实现了自动控制温度的目的。基于P89V51RD2的恒温箱温度控制系统主要实现了温度采集、A/D转换、软件滤波、温度控制及定时等功能。首先，介绍了恒温箱设计的课题背景及意义，并结合设计要求和实际情况选择了设计所涉及到的主要功能器件，同时重点介绍了P89V51RD2、ADC0809、Pt100的主要功能。其次，阐述了系统的工作原理，完成了系统结构图的设计，把系统划分为5大模块并完成了各大模块的设计工作，同时附以系统硬件电路原理图。最后，设计了系统的软件。系统软件是用C语言进行软件设计的，C语言具有指令简单，数据量小等特点。关键词：恒温箱；温度控制；单片机；PID控制TheDesignofElectricityHeatingIncubatorControlSystemBasedontheMCUAbstract:Incubatorsasanimportanttoolwidelyusedinmedical,industrialproductionandfoodprocessinginareassuchas.Temperatureisaffectedbyotherfactorsintheconventionalenvironmentalparameters,andalsodifficulttoproofreading;therefore,thetemperatureisoneofthemostdifficulttomeasureaccuratelyparameters.So,Theperformanceoftheincubatortoalargeextentdependsonthetemperaturecontrolperformance.ThedesignusessinglechipmicrocomputertocontroltheoventemperaturethroughthePIDcontrol，causingitstemperaturecontrolintosupposeinthedefinitevalueinsome．Andthesystemhasthekeyboardentrytemperatureandtimegivenvalue,LEDdisplaystemperature/timingvalueandsurmountingboundaryofthetimereportsoutside．Itrealizestemperaturecontrolautomatically.BasedonP89V51RD2,theoventemperaturecontrolsystemmainrealizestemperaturecollection,A/Dconversion,softwarefiltering,PIDcontrolandtimingfunctions.First,thepaperintroducesthebackgroundofthesubject.Combinedwiththedesignrequirementsandtheactualsituationofthedesign,themaindevicesthatrelatedtosubjectareconfirmed.AtthesametimethemainfunctionsofP89V51RD2,ADC0809,Pt100iswrittendown.Secondly,itdescribestheprincipleofthesystem,andachievestheconcretestructurephotoofthedesign.Thesystemisdividedintofivemodulesandeverymajormoduleofthedesigniscompleted.Thehardwarecircuitschematicsofthesystemisattachedatlast.Finally,thesoftwareofthesystemisdesigned.ThesystemsoftwareiswrittenbyClanguage,itisbecausetheprogrammerunsfaster,andsavesstoragespace.KeyWords:incubator；temperaturecontrol；single-chipmicrocontroller；PIDcontrol目录1概述............................................................................................................................11.1课题研究背景.................................................................................................................11.2课题研究意义.................................................................................................................21.3课题研究内容.................................................................................................................22总体设计方案....................................................................................................................32.1课题要求.........................................................................................................................32.2系统总体设计.................................................................................................................32.3系统功能模块方案设计..................................................................................................42.3.1单片机的选择...............................................................................................................42.3.2显示电路的选择...........................................................................................................52.3.3键盘电路的选择...........................................................................................................62.3.4温度采集电路的选择...................................................................................................62.3.5温度控制电路的选择...................................................................................................92.4控制方法的选择...........................................................................................................102.5开发环境及编程语言的选择........................................................................................102.5.1硬件开发环境选择.....................................................................................................102.5.2软件开发环境选择.....................................................................................................122.5.3编程语言的选择.........................................................................................................133系统的硬件设计...............................................................................................................143.1系统硬件功能分析.......................................................................................................143.2系统硬件电路设计........................................................................................................143.2.1单片机最小系统的设计.............................................................................................143.2.2温度检测电路的设计.................................................................................................153.2.3四分频电路的设计.....................................................................................................173.2.4显示接口电路的设计.......................................................................