虚拟语气的“四种形式”及“三点注意

虚拟语气的“四种形式”及“三点注意”虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English______mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe一、掌握虚拟语气的主要形式（1）三种基本形态:if条件从句+主句（2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型（3）wish,asif及ifonly的虚拟形式（4）Itistimethat的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1）含蓄条件句（2）时间错综句（3）虚实错综句时间谓语动词的虚拟形式if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在动词过去式（be多用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词将来动词过去式或should/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形1.Therice______ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothaveburntD.wouldnotburnt2.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented3.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome4.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheyhavenot5.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you______sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot6.Ifshehadworkedharder,she______.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceed7.—Ifhe______,he______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken8.Ifit______tomorrow,theywouldnotgotherebybike.A.willrainB.rainsC.wouldrainD.shouldrain9.______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will10.IfI______you,Iwouldnotdoit.A.amB.wereC.shallbeD.being1.Suggest等动词+宾语从句一个坚持：insist;两个命令：order,command;三个建议：suggest,propose,advise;四个要求：desire,demand,ask,requireIproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplans.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Iinsistedthatwe(should)decidewhattodowithhim.虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形2.Itis(was)+上述动词的过去分词+that主语从句Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisrequestedthatshe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.3.以上动词演变而成的名词以及一些抽象名词+isthatHissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthetopofthemountain.suggestion/order等+be+表语从句Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforadoctor.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)befirsttogo.Hisonlyrequestisthatyou(should)givehimmoretime.suggestion/order等+同位语从句Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等。虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形4.Itis(was)+important/necessary/better/strange/surprising/natural/possible/apity/nowonder+that主语从句Itisbestthathe(should)setoffatonce.Itisimportantthateverybody(should)betoldallthefacts.虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形1.Iinsistthatadoctor______immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Itissuggestedthatthejob______doneinanotherway.A.wasB.wastobeC.beD.mustbe3.Hehadanideathatwe______bybike.A.shallgoB.goC.wentD.wouldgo4.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting______offtilltomorrow.A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.beputting5.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.does;wouldbeset6.Itisnecessarythatyou______presentatthediscussion.A.willbeB.areC.shouldbeD.wouldbe7.Thebossgaveordersthatthework______atonce.A.willbestartedB.mustbestartedC.bestartedD.shouldstart8.Theguardthereinsistedthateverybody______therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobeywish,asif以及ifonly的虚拟形式：这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。随“时”变化的几种用法：时间谓语动词虚拟语气wish/asif/asthough/ifonly/wouldrather现在动词过去式（be多用were）过去had+过去分词或could+have+过去分词将来would+动词原形1.IwishI______youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.I’dratherthatyou______thereyesterdayand______againnextweekend.A.went;shouldcomeB.shouldgo;hadcomeC.hadgone;cameD.go;come4.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey______friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen5.—Iblamedheryesterday.—Iwouldratheryou______that.A.didn’tdoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.shouldn’tdo6.—Heisaverybraveman.—Yes.IwishI______hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveItistimethat的虚拟形式Itistimethat…Itishightimethat…Itisabouttimethat…谓语动词的虚拟形式为：动词过去式(be多为were)Itistime还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：Itistime(forsb.)todosth.Itistimeforsth./doingsth.Itisthefirsttimethat(从句用陈述语气的现在完成时)1.Itishightimeyou______thebus.A.hadcaughtB.caughtC.willcatchD.catch2.It’sabouttimehe______todothework.A.beginsB.willbeginC.beginD.began3.It’shightimethatwe___toschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.goD.willgo4.Itistimewe___upourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum（一）、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。1.Withoutelectricity,humanlife______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she______somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaidWithoutelectricity=Iftherewerenoelectricity（二）、时间错综句从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.1.Iftheflowerhadbeen