2013 Writing a statistical report 如何写数据统计报告

1WritingastatisticalreportPresentingResearchDataLearningObjectivesAfterlearningthischapter,youshallbeabletoDecidewhentousetables,figures,andgraphs,andunderstandtheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Conductmini-surveysasastrategyofprimaryresearch.Writeastatisticalreporttodescribeandanalyzedatagainedfromsurveys.LearningFocusThisfocusofthissessionisto:Useproperverbs,nouns,adjectivesandadverbs,numberphrasestodescribedata.Interpret,describeandanalyzedatapresentedintablesorgraphs.Conductsmall-scalesurveystogainwideropinionsonatopicunderresearch.4Warm-up:ExpressnumbersinEnglish75/120(seventyfiveoveronehundredandtwenty)22(twosquared)43(fourcubed)59(fivetothepowerofnine)6mx10m(sixmetersbytenmeters)5ThreemainwaystopresentresearchdataThethreemainwaysinwhichtopresentresearchdataare:TablesGraphsFigures:e.g.diagnosticimagingstudies(X-rays,MRIscans),andhistologicalimages6tablefigureQuestion:Whatdoyoucallthefollowing?7piechartbarchartlinegraphproportionalbarchartDirections:Matchthetypesofchart/graphwiththecharts/graphsshownbelow.barchart，proportionalbarchart，piechart，linegraph8ChoosingasuitablewaytopresentresearchdataQuestion:Amongtables,graphs,andfigures,whichisbestforpresentingyourresearchdata?Themosteffectivechoicewillbetheeasiesttounderstandandwillgivethemostinformationintheleastamountofspace.TablesorGraphs?-ProsandConsTables:Advantage:showexactnumbersbetterthangraphs.Disadvantage:lessinteresting;takinglongertounderstand)Graph:Advantage:illustratetrendsbetterthantables;easiertounderstandthantables.Whentousepiegraphs/bargraphs/linegraphs?•__________:Itusesoneormorelinestoshowchangesinstatisticsovertimeorspace.•__________:aparticularlygoodwaytoshowcomparisonamongtwoormoreitems.•__________:Itisbestsuitedforillustratingsimpledistributionpatterns,i.e.relationshipsamongthepartsofawhole.•Note:Keepthenumberofsegmentsinthepiechartassmallaspossible,ideallyfromtwotofive,andnomorethaneight.LinegraphBargraphPiegraphGame–IdentifyinggraphsDirections:Competeagainstothergroupstoanswersixquickfirequestions.Rule:Agroupwillgetonepointforanycorrectanswergivenbyitsmember;however,itwillloseoneforawronganswer.*Forquestionsthathavemorethanoneanswer,anincompleteanswerwillalsoresultinlosingonepoint.12Question:WhichoftheChartsshowhowonevaluechangesovertime?Answer:A13Question:WhichoftheChartsshowchangeovertime?Answer:A,D14Question:WhichoftheChartsshowhowseveralvalueschangeovertime?Answer:D15Question:WhichoftheChartsshowthesituationatonepointintime?Answer:B,C16Question:WhichoftheChartsshowhowatotalfigureisdividedintoparts?Answer:CD17Question:WhichoftheChartsshowcomparisonfordifferentgroups?Answer:B,C,D18成正比/反比成反比beininverseratioto/withbeininverseproportiontobeinverselyrelatedto成正比beindirectratiotoExpressionsdescribingdata19占百分之几，几分之几makeupoccupyformcompriseconstituteaccountforE.g.HospitalServices_____________60percentofthecostsofmedicalcare.…percentof…accountfor20Nounsthatdescribechanges最高点：thehighestpoint/top/summit/peak最低点：thelowestpoint/bottom/rockbottom改变：change/shift/alteration21ExpressionsaboutchangesinfiguresVerbNoun总计上升amounttoadduptosumuptototalsumincreaserisegrowclimbascendmountgoupincreaserisegrowthclimbhike(informal)22ExpressionsaboutchangesinfiguresVerbNoun下降，减少falldeclinedecreasedipdropreducelessenfalldipdropdescendgodowndeclinedecreasesink23ExpressionsaboutchangesinfiguresVerbNoun暴跌猛升plungeplummet(toalltimelow)jumpsurgerocketskyrocketsoarzoom(up)plungejumpsurge24ExpressionsaboutchangesinfiguresVerbNoun稳定leveloutleveloffmakenochangestayunchangedremainsteadylevelingoutlevelingoffkeeplevelmaintainstablenochange25ExpressionsaboutchangesinfiguresVerbNoun起伏fluctuategoupanddownfluctuationupsanddownsriseandfall26Adverbs./adjectivestomodifychangeadjectiveadverbsmall/slowchangelarge/fastchangeslowsmallslightslowlygraduallygradualmoderateminimalsuddenrapidsharpabruptslightlymoderatelyrapidlyminimallysteepdramaticmarkedsignificantsubstantialconsiderablesuddenlysharplysteeplydramaticallyabruptlymarkedlysignificantlysubstantiallyconsiderably27倍数Adoubles/ishalf/triples/quadruples/B.E.g.Thenumber/figureofcarsnearly/almost/morethandoubled/tripled,ascomparedwith/asagainstthatoflastyear.Thenumberdropped/increasedabouttwice/fivefold/tenfold,comparedwith/incomparisonwith…trebles28AisXtimesasgreat(long,much…)asB.AisXtimesthesize(length,amount…)ofB.AisXtimesgreater(longer,more…)thanB.A的大小（长度，数量，…）是B的X倍。A比B大（长，多,…）了X-1倍。29Recap•Whichmovementisdescribed?Upward,downwardorhorizontalchanges?•decline,drop,rise,fluctuate,stabilize,decrease,lose，rocket,fallimprove,jump,plummet,increase,leveloff,gain30Exercise•Readtheparagraphandfindoutthewordsorphrasesthatdescribethetrend.•Asthegraphshows,thegeneraltrendofuniversityadmissionsfrom1960to1990isontherise,from6,000toabout9,000studentsayear.Intheearly1960s,theadmissiongrewsteadily.Butfrom1965to1970thenumberofadmissionsleveledoffbeforeitbegantoriseagainforanothertenyearsfrom1970to1980.Theearly1980ssawanabruptdropinadmissions,followedbyanequallyabruptjumptothehighestpointofabove9,