Note-taking skills 如何做笔记

1Chapter5Note-taking好记性不如烂笔头。2“Asharpmemoryisnotasdependableasabrokenpen”3OverviewofNote-takingEffectivenote-takingNote-takingfromreadingsNote-takingfromlectures4Whydoweneedtotakenotes?ThelengthofthetextFiguresandpropernamesProblemswithmemory5ProblemswithNote-takingDistractionOveremphasisonthelanguageDifficultywithreconstruction6Whatkindofnotes?Note-takingforinterpretationvs.DictationNote-takingforinterpretationvs.Classroomnote-takingNote-takingforinterpretationvs.Shorthandoutlines7FeaturesofNotesforInterpretingTime-effectivenessSimplicityIndividuality8EquipmentforNote-takingPenNotepad9TacticsforNote-takingNarrowcolumnsClearendingsMorelines,fewercharactersLargefont,withlotsofwhitespaceEffectivesymbolsandabbreviationsAnIntroductiontoInterpretation10HowtotakeNOTES?Whatareconsecutivenotes?Unlikelecturenoteswhichareforfurtherreadingandstudies,consecutivenotesarejustremindersorthememoryaidsontheworkingspot,butnotforlateruse.AnIntroductiontoInterpretation11Principlesofnote-taking1.Spacing2.Layout3.What/whentonote4.Whatmakesthenotes?symbols,characters,abbreviations,arrowsandtimelinesAnIntroductiontoInterpretation12Howdoweabbreviate?1.InChinese,weleaveoutsomewords,forexample,黑龙江省纪律检查委员会---省纪委2.InEnglishWeleftoffthelatterpartofthespelling,forexample,Population---popcooperation---coopdevelopment---devAnIntroductiontoInterpretation13OtherAbbreviations1.WTO/PRC2.p.m./a.m(afternoon/morning)3.GeographicaldirectionsN(north),NW(Northwest)4.Occupations:economist(econr),mathematician(mathr)5.Dropthevowel:day(dy)AnIntroductiontoInterpretation14SymbolsBetternotusetoomanysymbolsincaseoneisconfusedbythem.1.$Money/assets/wealth/rich2.“ontalkse.g.FM”(Foreignministersaid)3.:onthinkinge.g.I:(Ithink)4.H2OWater5.□countryAnIntroductiontoInterpretation15Arrows1.↑Increasing/lifting/up/develop2.↓drop/crash/diminish3.→forward/develop4.←lastyearyr5.→Nextyearyr6.≡emphasis,e.g.lky(verylucky)≡AnIntroductiontoInterpretation16Layout1.Verticalsensegroupinverticalorderonemainideaoneachline2.Spacing(withindention)Prof.HsubjectthkU≡invtverb←dy,BJobjectAnIntroductiontoInterpretation170therExamplesofNotes例1：工业生产增长很快。1991年的工业总产值是28,225亿元，比1990年提高了14.2%，其中乡镇工业占23,121元，比1990年增长了12.9%。在工业总产值中，国营工业提高了8.4%,集体工业增长了18%,个体工业增长了24%,中外合资企业、合作企业和独资企业增长了55。8%。大中型企业情况比过去几年好，年增长率为9%。工产快//91’工总值282.25b(billion)Y90’14.2%//乡工231.21b，90’12.9%//国工总值8.4%//集18%//个24%//合资合作独资55.8%//AnIntroductiontoInterpretation18朱彤为朱镕基政府工作报告进行同声传译时的NOTETAKING解释：if如果…的话；→要求；i具具体；:说认为；概概括；@就；g政府_本届；N现在；指示箭头概括为；1确确保；3到到位；5r改革。Formanyaninterpreter,“note-taking”issaidtobea“necessaryevil”.TwoSpecialFeaturesFirst,thepurposeofnote-takingininterpretingistosupplementmemoryefficiency,soastoensureaccuracyinwork.Thismeans,thoughhighlynecessary,theimportanceofnote-takingshouldnotbeoveremphasized.Aninterpretermustrealizefromtheverybeginningofhistrainingthatitisalwaysmemoryonthebasisofcorrectcomprehensionthatplaysthemajorroleinensuringaccuracyininterpreting,notnote-taking.Second,theinterpreter’snotesareessentiallyindividualincharacter.Thisisprimarilybecausetheinterpreter’snotes,areintendedexclusivelyforimmediateusebytheinterpreterconcerned.Theabilitytokeepremembranceofwhatissaidvariesfrompersontoperson.SomePracticalHints1)Writeasfewwordsorsymbolsaspossible.Aninterpretershouldalwaysconcentrateonlistening(forcomprehensionandtransference).And,hemustpracticethemaximumeconomyinwordsinnote-taking.Eachword(orsymbol,orsign)usuallyrepresentsakeywordorasensegrouporanimportantformulation,etc.2)Bettertakenotesinthetargetlanguage.Inordertofacilitatethelistening-transference-speakingprocess,itispreferabletosolvetheproblemoftransferencewhilethenotesaretaken.Ofcourse,itdependsontheindividualinterpreter.He/shemightuseacombinedwayinbothsourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageoreveninsourcelanguageonly.3)Seetoitthatthenotesarelogicalandlegible.口译笔记要点1.少写多划。划线条比写文字快。线条形象，相当于翻译的半成品，有助译员眼看笔记，口出译文。两种情况下应该尽量用线条：表示动作和动态的词句。比如，以上升的斜线代表发展，增加，进步,进一步；以下降的斜线代表减少，下降，恶化等等。表示因果或前后关系的词句。比如，用一条线代表因为/所以，…之后，在…之前，以体现出上下前后之间的关联关系。2.少字多意养成一个词的笔记不超过一个字的习惯。中文里有大量的词汇是由两个，或两个以上的字组成。只要看到其中一个，你的短期记忆就应该能够补齐其余的字。不必多写。比如，中国最多写个中。北京最多写个北。英文词也同理处理。politics最多写poli，government最多写gov，等等。另外，需要培养以笔记与记忆互动；看到一个字能说出几个字，甚至一串词的能力。在有上下文的情况下，这不难。比如，谈中国的近况，听到改革，开放记一个改字，不难从短期记忆中说出原文。听到BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlair，记PM，也同样能说出原文。3.少线多指。通用一小组线条/标记。否则在自己本来熟悉的中英文之外，又编出一套自己不熟悉的文码使用，会导致需要想一想用哪个符号的情况，适得其反。4.少横多竖。采取从上往下的阶梯结构记录，尽量少用通常书写时的横向记录。阶梯结构形象地体现出上下文的逻辑结构，简化了译员的思维过程，方便出译文。notesshouldbewrittenintwocolumnsof2or3-inchwidthinapad.drawtwoslantlinestomarktheendofalongparagraph,oralongchunkofspeech,toavoidsomeunnecessaryconfusion.Forthesakeoflegibility,oneshoulduseonlythoselimitednumberofsignsorsymbolsthatareveryfamiliartohimlesthemightforgettheirmeaningsifheusestoomanyatime.Possibleexamplesareacronyms,abbreviations,arrows,andreferencelines.Examplesforpracticalhintsofnote-taking:用简笔汉字和英文缩写(commonabbreviations)：中，大，小，上，下，来，去等。UN,UK,USA,WTO,BOT,JVs,SOEs,GDP,CEO,VIP,AIDs,SARS,IT,GNP,etc.标点符号：?疑问，冒号表示讲话人与内容之间的关系数学符号：＝，－，≥，≤，∵因为，∴所以箭头符号：↑up上升