阴极电泳涂装通用技术规范

ICS25.220.60A29JB/T10242－2001阴极电泳涂装通用技术规范Generaltechnicalregulationsofcathodeelectro–coating2001-05-23发布2001-10-01实施中国机械工业联合会发布I前言1范围····················································································································································································································12引用标准·········································································································································································································13定义····················································································································································································································24阴极电泳涂装的分类···············································································································································································25阴极电泳涂料的选择···············································································································································································26阴极电泳涂装的施工及管理·······························································································································································47阴极电泳涂装对设备的基本要求·····················································································································································68安全与环保····································································································································································································7附录A（标准的附录）阴极电泳涂料性能测定方法··············································································································8附录B（标准的附录）涂膜抗石击试验······································································································································16附录C（提示的附录）阴极电泳涂膜缺陷原因分析及对策措施··················································································19JB/T10242－2001目次III前言本标准的附录A、附录B都是标准的附录；附录C是提示的附录。本标准由全国金属与非金属覆盖层标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准负责起草单位：跃进汽车集团公司。本标准参加起草单位：沈阳关西涂料有限公司。本标准主要起草人：陈玉燕、李彤、钱文忠、汤宏。本标准系首次发布。JB/T10242－200111范围本标准规定了术语定义、阴极电泳涂装的分类、阴极电泳涂料的选择、阴极电泳涂装的施工及管理、阴极电泳涂装对设备的要求、安全与环保等。本标准适用于金属工件的阴极电泳涂装。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。GB/T1724—1979涂料细度测定法GB/T1731—1993漆膜柔韧性测定法GB/T1732—1993漆膜耐冲击测定GB/T1733—1993漆膜耐水性测定法GB/T1747—1979涂料灰份测定法GB/T1763—1979漆膜耐化学试剂性测定法Gb/T1764—1979漆膜厚度测定法GB/T1771—1991色漆和清漆耐中性盐雾性能测定GB/T1865—1997色漆和清漆人工老化及人工辐射暴露（滤过的氙弧辐射）GB/T6739—1996漆膜硬度铅笔测定法GB/T6750—1986色漆和清漆密度的测定GB/T6751—1986色漆和清漆挥发物和不挥发物的测定GB/T6753.3—1986涂料贮存稳定性试验方法GB7691—1987涂装作业安全规程劳动安全和劳动卫生管理GB7692—1999涂装作业安全规程涂漆前处理工艺安全及其通风净化GB/T8264—1987涂装技术术语GB8978—1996污水综合排放标准GB/T9286—1998色漆和清漆漆膜的划格试验GB/T9751—1988涂料在高剪切速率下粘度的测定GB/T9754—1988色漆和清漆不含金属颜料的色漆漆膜之20°、60°和85°镜面光泽的测定GB16297—1996大气污染物综合排放标准HG/T3335—1977（85）电泳漆电导率测定法HG/T3337—1997（85）电泳漆库仑效率测定法中国机械工业联合会2001-05-23批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准阴极电泳涂装通用技术规范Generaltechnicalregulationsofcathodeelectro–coatingJB/T10242－20012001-10-01实施JB/T10242－200123定义本标准采用GB/T8264的定义及下列定义。3.1L效果L–effect电泳涂料在水平表面上和垂直表面上涂装的效果。3.2MEQ值NeutralizerMEQ固体份为100g的电泳涂料消耗中和剂的摩尔数。3.3再溶解率Redissolving电泳湿膜在电泳槽液中再次溶解的能力。以规定时间内被溶解的膜厚占总膜厚的百分数表示。3.4加热减量Lossonheating经105℃~120℃挥发去水分和溶剂的电泳涂膜进一步升温到烘干温度达到实干的过程中，热分解出低分子化合物导致涂膜的失重。4阴极电泳涂装的分类根据其用途可分为两大类：a)以提高耐蚀性为主要目的的阴极电泳底层涂装。它用于汽车，冰箱，洗衣机等壳体和部分相关零件。b)以装饰为主要目的的阴极电泳涂装，专门用于装饰性镀层保护和装饰性金属保护。如金属眼镜架、手表、装饰五金产品、家用电器、建材等。5阴极电泳涂料的选择5.1选择原则5.1.1根据被涂产品的种类以及使用电泳涂料的目的确定电泳涂料的类别。5.1.2根据被涂产品对电泳涂层的要求高低，选择需要的品种。5.1.3对选出的电泳涂料进行各项性能对比试验。通过试验了解电泳涂膜的质量、电泳槽液的稳定性、施工窗口的宽窄等。5.1.4阴极电泳底层涂料应进行与磷化膜、中涂层涂料、车底涂料、密封胶、面漆等相关涂层的配套性试验。装饰性电泳涂料应进行与被涂物表面适应性试验。5.1.5在选择试验过程中了解涂料生产厂的技术力量、售后服务水平等。5.2样品性能试验根据使用单位企业标准规定的内容或产品说明书中规定的内容进行性能试验。5.2.1供货状态涂料性能（见表1）表1供货状态涂料性能序号项目技术指标检验方法1外观目测2固体份%GB/T67513粘度mPa·sGB/T97514密度g/cm3GB/T67505细度μmGB/T17246贮藏稳定性供需双方协商决定GB/T6753.3JB/T10242－200135.2.2工作液性能（见表2）表2工作液性能序号项目技术指标试验方法1固体份%根据涂料品种要求GB/T67512pH值根据涂料品种要求pH计3电导率μs/cm根据涂料品种要求HG/T33354灰份%根据涂料品种要求GB/T17475MEQ值根据涂料品种要求附录A中A46溶剂含量%≤3.5气相色谱法7库仑效率mg/C≥25HG/T33378电压/膜厚V/μm根据需要，测定ED曲线，选择最佳电压膜厚值附录A中A19破坏电压V高出施工电压30V附录A中A310泳透力cm根据涂料品种要求附录A中A1011再溶解率%≤10附录A中A212L效果水平面与垂直面涂膜平整、光滑、无异常；外观、膜厚无明显差别附录A中A613加热减量%≤10附录A中A514加速老化时槽液稳定性%电压降低≤40附录A中A715环境温度下的槽液稳定性%电压降低≤40附录A中A816细菌繁殖合格附录A中A115.2.3涂膜的性能（见表3）表3涂膜的性能序号项目技术指标（举例）试验方法1涂膜外观平整、光滑、无异常目测2光泽（60°镜面光泽）%根据涂料品种要求GB/T97543硬度≥HGB/T67394耐冲击cm≥50GB/T17325柔韧性mm≤1GB/T17316耐水性（40℃×500h）涂膜无变化GB/T17337耐酸性（0.05mol/H2SO4×8h）涂膜无变化GB/T17638耐碱性（0.1mol/NaOH×8h）涂膜无变化GB/T17639划格试验（1mm）级0GB/T928610泳透力板耐盐雾性mm根据用户要求附录A中A911耐盐雾性能h≥800GB/T1771（单边扩蚀不超过2mm）12抗石击性根据用户要求附录B131）耐老化性根据用户要求GB/T1865141）耐磨损性根据用户要求供需双方协商151）耐汗水性根据用户要求供需双方协商1）仅对装饰性电泳涂膜。JB/T10242－200146阴极电泳涂装的施工及管理6.1阴极电泳涂装典型工艺流程注：对于装饰性涂装根据实际情况酌情采用。6.2阴极电泳涂装前对工件的要求a)无油、无锈、无铁粉、磷化残渣等异物附着；b)转化膜均匀、致密、无异常，符合相应的技术要求；c)工件的滴水电导率≤30μs/cm。6.3阴极电泳涂装工序控制（见表4）表4阴极电泳涂装工序控制工序管理条件控制范围槽液温度℃涂料品种规定的范围内每段电压V涂料品种规定的范围内每段电流值（max）A涂料品种规定的范围内电泳时间（工件全浸没的时间）min底层涂料涂装：2~3装饰性涂料涂装：