小分子场效应晶体管

:200512,:200623(No.20421101,20527001,20404013,20571079)(863)33e2mail:[e-mail]333(100080),(OFET),,:TN30412;TN32:A:10052281X(2006)1121538216OrganicTransistorsofSmallMolecularWeightMaterialsTangQingxinLiRongjinWangHaifengLiHongxiangHuWenping33(LaboratoryofOrganicSolids,InstituteofChemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080,China)AbstractAsanewgenerationoftransistors,organicfield2effecttransistors(OFET)haveadvancedgreatlynotonlyinthetechnologyoffabricationbutalsointheperformancesofdevicesandthusattractedparticularattentionrecently.InthispaperdifferentkindsofsmallmolecularweightmaterialsforOFETsareintroduced.Keywordssmallmolecularweightmaterials;transistors;mobility1(field2effecttransistors,FETs),1930,Lilienfeld[1]:,,,,,,,,(MOS,1),,1945,,1960,KahngAtalla22(MOSFET),1MOSFETFig.1SchematicdiagramofMOSFET1811200611PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYVol.18No.11Nov.,2006,70[2,3],,,,[4],,:(1)1985,C601996;(2)1986,Tang[5];(3)1987,Tang[6];(4)1991,NECIijima,,,C602,,,1981,CNRS()Garnier,,19811984,Garnier,,1983,Ebisawa22,,[7]1987,KoezukaTsumuraAndo,[4]1988,,[8],CavendishFriend[9],,,,,,,10-5cm2PVs,1001000,OFETGarnier,(2DEG),,,,,,,,,1989,[10],(TFT),[11],0110146cm2PVs,,,2111991,Akimichi[12](4T,2),,1995,BellKatz[13],10-410-3cm2PVs1997,Garnier[14]Ackermann[15](4T),2(DH4T,2)(),93511124TDH4TFig.2Chemicalstructuresof4TandDH4Tp,,,,,,,DH4T4T,DH4TDH4T,,4T,,Locklin[16](CH4T)(3),,SiPSiO2,nSi,300nmSiO2,,200m,P20,p,2595,010201038cm2PVs,105106,Locklin,,,,,CH4T,,0106cm2PVs,3CH4TFig.3ChemicalstructureofCH4T212(6T),CNRSGarnier[17],:1989,26T(4),10-3cm2PVs[10],,(10-6cm2PVs),1990,Garnier[11],0146cm2PVs,426TFig.4Chemicalstructureof26T,,,[18],(,),X,,,,,Garnier[19],,10-1cm2PVs[20],,,Groningen,[21],,,80,,Halik[22],(),2,,,6,045118,213(8T,5),,,,58TFig.5Chemicalstructureof8THajlaoui[23],Si,SiO2(Ci8nFPcm2),,50m,1mmp,,120,,0133cm2PVs214,nT,Mohapatra[24](6)3p,,3,10103cm2PVs,20103cm2PVs,30102cm2PVs50,:10102cm2PVs,20102cm2PVs,30101cm2PVs,,106107,109,,,1:n=3;2:n=4;3:n=56Fig.6Thiophenederivativeswithbenzylgroups215,:,,,,,(7)401949,Cox[25]XRD,1971[26]1983,Bertinelli[27]1989,Mazaki[28],,[29][30],,1996,Nakayama[31],1998,Li[32],0105cm2PVs,,108,,[33],,,,,1999,[34],,7Fig.7Chemicalstructuresofthiopheneandfused2ringoligothiophenes3,145111(8),48Fig.8Chemicalstructuresofanthracene,tetracene,pentaceneandrubrene3113,,60,Pope,80,,2,,(217),,:,1185eV,670nm319eV,310nm,,,3cm2PVs[3537],,,SiPSiO2,0102cm2PVs[38],(3cm2PVs),,1,0110120cm2PVs[39,40],Ando[41],n,p,:2,62242;2,62,n,2031410-3cm2PVs104p,2041510-3cm2PVs10375V,-40V,,Meng[42],015cm2PVs3124,300,[43],(,2,,)1992,Garnier[44],,2000,Bell[45],SchÊen,,,2003,LosAlamosButko[46]0115cm2PVs,107,,DelftdeBoer[47],014cm2PVs[48,49],113cm2PVs,116cm2PVs3135,6070,(9),,,,2451189[67]Fig.9Stackedlayersofpentacenemolecules[67],10-9Scm-1,10-3cm2PVs1995,Brown[50,51],140,10-3cm2PVs1996,Dimitrakopoulos[52],,,01038cm2PVs,Gundlach[5356]013115cm2PVs2003,Butko[57]013cm2PVs,51052004,Jurchescu[58],3558cm2PVs,,Lee[59],,:45,0113cm2PVs11010-3cm2PVs;012cm2PVs,,,OTFTTFT,Lim[60](HMDS)(OTS)SiO2(),,OTSHMDS,:OTS0129cm2PVs,105,-13V;HMDS0116cm2PVs,105,-10V;011cm2PVs,105,-13V()0104cm2PVs,2104,-15V3,,,,,,Knipp[61]OTFT,OTFT,DeAngelis[62],OTFT,,,,OTFT,,,,,,2,22,,2,Sheraw[63]6,13,OTFT014cm2PVs106Chou[64]photoalignment,0175cm2PVsRuiz[65],6,0145cm2PVsWang[66],,,345111,314,1936[68],1990Chambedin[69],(PVD)(,10)[70],[71]2004,Podzorov[72]200K20cm2PVs10()[80]()[81]Fig.10Top:rubrenecrystal[80];Bottom:stackedlayersofrubrenemolecules[81],,,,,,2004,So[73](79)10-3cm2PVs,42210-3cm2PVsp1971,Williams[74]c2cm2PVs(473K),,2004,,Podzorov[72](air2gapfield2effecttechnique),1520cm2PVs,:(150K),;,(shallowtraps),(deeptraps),Sundar[75](elastomerictransistorstamp),(,),,(PDMS),15cm2PVs,2nFVPdecadecm2Goldmann[71]flip2crystal,FET,1017cm2PVs2005,Stingelin2Stutzmann[76],017cm2PVs,106Stassen[77]OFETP,,Kloc[78],445118,,,13cm2PVs,,Podzorov[72],FET2006,Takahashi[79],(PMMA)11810-2cm2PVs11110-2cm2PVs(Eg216eV)LE2FET(),OLED()OFET4411(phthalocyanine,Pc)(11,M=H),,,,1970,Barbe[82]1988Madru[83,84],,10-4cm2PVs,0101cm2PVs[85],[86,87],,011cm2PVs[88],011cm2PVs,[89]LB[90,91]Zeis[92],110cm2PVs,11Fig.11ChemicalstructureofPcpn,LUMO,[93]AndersonPietero[94,95],,n,,Bao[96],0103cm2PVsSchn[97]F16CuPc,,,CuPcp,F16CuPcn,,2005,[98]F16CuPcCuPcF16CuPcCuPc,F16CuPcCuPcF16CuPc(3nm),F16CuPcCuPc(10nm),n,114710-2cm2PVs,-29VF16CuPc2nm,CuPc,10-6cm2PVs;F16CuPcCuPc,p,(NiPc)[99],CuPcNiPc[87],,(VOPC)[100],[101]LB0124545111016cm2PVs,41218(12),,,1992,Sun[102],,2003,Checcoli[103]5,10,15,202p,01007cm2PVsNoh[104],10-4cm2PVs,105106Li[105],,12Fig.12Chemicalstructureofporphyrin5C60511C60,3:1985C60[106],1991,1990,(Kratschmer)[107],,C60C70100mgC60C60C70,XC60C70,C60KrotoC60,C70KrotoHW,CarlRF,SmalleyRE3,1996,1993,[108],,10-4cm2PVs1995,BellHaddon[109]C60,,0108cm2PVs,Haddon[110]C702002,Horiuchi[111],(011cm2PVs)()2003,Kobayashi[112]C60,015cm2PVs,Haddon106108,Haddock[113],,,0165cm2PVs,C60,,,5121991NECLijima,,,,(carbonnanotubes)[114],0134nm,01335nm,,,;,645118,,,;,,2,;,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,13Dekke[118]Fig.13SchematicillustrationofacarbonnanotubeFETdesignedbyDekkeetal.[11