语言意识与外语学习

12020/1/28ShihongDuLanguageAwareness,ConceptEnrichment&EnglishLearning2020/1/282020/1/282020/1/28语言意识、概念充实与英语学习西南大学杜世洪22020/1/28ShihongDuDisclaimerThefollowingtalkismerelymyopinion.AnAmericanproverbgoes:Opinionsarelikeassholes,andeverybodyhasgotone.KarlPopper:“Imaybewrong,youmayberight,andbyaneffort,wemaygetnearertothetruth.”《孟子·尽心下》:“贤者以其昭昭使人昭昭，今以其昏昏使人昭昭”。32020/1/28ShihongDu歌德：“凡是值得思考的事情，没有不是被人们思考过的。我们必须做的只是试图重新加以思考而已。”Allofthethingsworthbeingcontemplatedhavebeenponderedbyhumanbeings.Whatwemustdoisnothingmorethantryingtoconsidertheminanotherway。42020/1/28ShihongDuMajorpoints1.Examinations2.Controversies3.ExplanationWhatislanguageawareness(LA)?Whatisconceptenrichment?HowdowedevelopourLAinEnglishlearning?4.Implications5.References52020/1/28ShihongDuTakenfromThinking:FastandSlow,byDanielKahneman,2011.1.ExaminationsT1意识状态检验62020/1/28ShihongDuFastthinkingvs.SlowthinkingIntuitivethinkingvs.RationalthinkingAwarenessvs.Unawareness72020/1/28ShihongDu1.ExaminationsT2:“我这辈子遇到了许多人，但我只记得我真正的朋友。”您能否把这句话译成生动的英语？试试看！您的译文与这个相似不？Ihavemetmanypeopleinmylife,butIcanonlyremembermytruefriendsforever.Manypeoplehavewalkedintomylife,butonlymytruefriendshavelefttheirfootprintsinmyheart.语言意识的层次问题！？82020/1/28ShihongDu我们会因为有而意识到缺什么吗？我们会因为缺而意识到有什么吗？92020/1/28ShihongDu1.ExaminationsT3：观察下句，然后填空。“搅一杯往事，切一块乡愁，榨几滴____。”（董桥《中年人的下午茶》）眼泪？搅一杯往事，切一块乡愁，榨几滴____。希望语言美感意识102020/1/28ShihongDu1.ExaminationsT4:单词move对应的汉语词有哪些？“移动；感动；搬动；动”？？仔细观察——“Cigarette,move!”“烟烟儿，？？对精确性（概念饱和状态）的意识！！112020/1/28ShihongDu1.ExaminationsT5:他们在干什么？“烧火”的英文表达是什么？122020/1/28ShihongDu1.ExaminationsT5:在农村添柴“烧火”做饭时，这个“烧火”用英语怎么讲？Ourdictionarytellsus:烧火=makeafire;lightafire;fuelthefire;takecareofthefire;tendthefire…还有愚蠢的burnthefire132020/1/28ShihongDuI’mgonnatakecareofthefood,andyoufeedthefire.概念充实142020/1/28ShihongDu这些检查告诉我们什么呢？1.要知道语言的美感：从干瘪走向生动。2.要知道语言的和谐：从文字走向逻辑。3.要知道语境的作用：从字符走向生活。4.要知道语言的文化：从生活吸取文化。语法的正确性逻辑的通顺度修辞的美妙感其实，这反映的是语言意识的性感度！！就这么简单吗？正确而无用的大话！152020/1/28ShihongDu这些检查告诉我们什么呢？ControversiesTheEnglishLearningControversies:1)Theempiricistapproachvs.therationalistapproach2)Theform-focusedapproachvs.themeaning-focusedapproach3)Theuse-of-languageapproachvs.theknowledge-of-languageapproach162020/1/28ShihongDu2.Controversies1)Theempiricistapproachvs.therationalistapproachTheEnglishLearningControversy2004.3rdEd.172020/1/28ShihongDu2.ControversiesTheempiricistapproach知识与技能来源于感知（感官经验），可经验的事实很重要。1）学习语言就是学习言说方式。2）一门语言有一整套习惯。3）不同语言是不同的，因为感知不同，习惯不同。4）学习一门外语就要学习实践中的地道外语，要依例明理。182020/1/28ShihongDu2.ControversiesTherationalistapproach知识与技能由人之理性决定，一切事实背后都有其固有本质。1）学习语言就是学习语言规律。2）一门语言有一整套内在规则。3）不同语言大致相同，因为人的理性具有趋同性。4）学习一门外语就要发挥理性的作用，要据理造例。192020/1/28ShihongDu2.Controversies：empiricistvs.rationalistEmpiricist1）学习语言就是学习言说方式。2）一门语言有一整套后天习惯。3）不同语言是不同的，因为感知不同，习惯不同。4）学习一门外语就要学习实践中的地道外语，要依例明理。Rationalist1）学习语言就是学习语言规律。2）一门语言有一整套内在规则。3）不同语言大致相同，因为人的理性具有趋同性。4）学习一门外语就要发挥理性的作用，要据理生例。202020/1/28ShihongDu2.Controversies：empiricistvs.rationalistTheEmpiricistApproachInductiveApproachesTheRationalistApproachDeductiveApproaches212020/1/28ShihongDu2.Controversies：empiricistvs.rationalist方法没问题，但是，二者各有难题。经验论：1)无经验环境、经验有限时，能学会吗？2)有经验环境、经验不受限，能学会吗？唯理论：1）掌握规则并不等于掌握语言，whatandwhy？2）熟练使用者却并无规则意识，howandwhy？222020/1/28ShihongDu这成了哲学难题，哪个来帮忙解决嘛？！语言=生活形式→意识活动+概念体系哪个来推我嘛维特根斯坦有办法嘛232020/1/28ShihongDu维氏说：想象一门语言就是想象其生活形式。DSH：学习一门语言就是学习其对应的生活形式。3.ExplanationItistheformoflifecommontohumankind,“sharedhumanbehavior”whichis“thesystemofreferencebymeansofwhichweinterpretanunknownlanguage”(PI206).242020/1/28ShihongDu3.ExplanationGrammarisnotabstract,itissituatedwithintheregularactivitywithwhichlanguage-gamesareinterwoven:“…theword‘language-game’isusedheretoemphasizethefactthatthespeakingoflanguageispartofanactivity,orofaformoflife”(PI23).Thequestion“Whatisaword?”iscompletelyanalogousto“Whatisachess-piece?”(PR18）252020/1/28ShihongDuOuruseoflanguagereflectsourlanguageawareness.Ourlanguageawarenessisgroundedinoursystemofconceptenrichment.Ourconceptenrichmentisthecoretaskofourlanguagelearning.3.ExplanationEnglishlearningConceptenrichmentLanguageAwarenessLanguageuse262020/1/28ShihongDu3.ExplanationWhatislanguageawareness(LA)?Whatisconceptenrichment?HowdowedevelopourLAandenrichourconceptsinlearningEnglish?272020/1/28ShihongDuWhatislanguageawareness(LA)?Theterm‘LanguageAwareness’wasputontheinternationalagendaoflanguageeducationasrecentlyas1992,withtheformationoftheAssociationforLanguageAwarenessandthesettingupofthejournalLanguageAwareness.282020/1/28ShihongDuWhatislanguageawareness(LA)?Theassociationandthejournalweretheoutcomesofagrowinginterestinlanguageawareness,originatinginthe1970sandburgeoninginthe1980s,especiallyinBritain(whereLanguageAwarenessisfrequentlyreferredtoas‘KnowledgeAboutLanguage’,orKAL).292020/1/28ShihongDuWhatislanguageawareness(LA)?Mitchell,HooperandBrumfit(1994:2)describeKALasanewtitleforanoldconcern:‘thatpupilslearninglanguagesinformalsettingsshouldacquiresomeexplicitunderstandingsandknowledgeofthenatureoflanguage,alongsidethedevelopmento