stylistic analysis of poetry诗歌文体学分析

StylisticAnalysisofPoetryBy程雨桐2011300340091贾怡珩2011300340095Introduction•Poetryisacomprehensiveterm,whichcanbetakentocoveranykindofmetricalcomposition.However,itisusuallyemployedwithreservations.Poetryisasuperiorformofcreationandthereforemoreserious.TheCloud----byPercyByssheShelleyIbringfreshshowersforthethirstingflowers,Fromtheseasandthestreams;IbearlightshadefortheleaveswhenlaidIntheirnoondaydreams.FrommywingsareshakenthedewsthatwakenThesweetbudseveryone,Whenrockedtorestontheirmother’sbreast,Asshedancesaboutthesun.Iwieldtheflailofthelashinghail,Andwhitenthegreenplainsunder,AndthenagainIdissolveitinrain,AndlaughasIpassinthunder.Ⅰ.AtthePhonologicalLevel•MeterInthispartofthepoem,Shelleymainlyusediambictetrameter(withdactylicviriations),i.e.,fourfeetineachline.Forinstance,in“Frommy｀wingsare｀shakenthe｀dewsthat｀waken”therearefourstressedsyllables.Butnottomakeittedious,Shelleyalsoadoptedotherpatterns,forexample,iambicpentameter,iambicdimeteranddactylicdimeter.•Rhyme•Intermsofrhyme,ShelleychosemainlytwokindsofrhymeinTheCloud,single/masculinerhymeanddouble/femininerhyme.•Ibringfreshshowersforthethirstingflowers•Fromtheseasandthestreams•Ibearlightshadefortheleaveswhenlaid•Intheirnoondaydreams•Frommywingsareshakenthedewsthatwaken•Thesweetbudseveryone•Whenrockedtorestontheirmother’sbreast•Asshedancesaboutthesun•Iwieldtheflailofthelashinghail•Andwhitenthegreenplainsunder•AndthenagainIdissolveitinrain•AndlaughasIpassinthunder•PolysyndetonPolysyndetonistheuseofseveralconjunctionsinclosesuccession,especiallywheresomemightbeomitted(asinheranandjumpedandlaughedforjoy).•Shelleyusedpolysyndetoninthispoemtoincreasetherhythm.Andwhitenthegreenplainsunder,AndthenagainIdissolveitinrain,AndlaughasIpassinthunder.Ⅱ.AttheLexicalLevelTheCloudwasnotlikemanyotherRomanticpoems,whichwerecomposedofvariousdelicatewords.Onthecontrary,itconsistedofmostlyplainwords.Therewereveryfewdelicatewords,namely,“wield”(handleandbrandish)and“whiten”(coverwithsnowandice).MostlyusedwordsTotalWordsPlainWordsDelicateWords84822I5the10and4Ⅲ.AttheSyntacticLevelSimpleSentencesSinceTheCloudwasapoem,itwasimpossibleforthepoettowritemajorsentencesineveryline,thusminorsentencescouldbeseeninmanylines.Furthermore,usuallysimplesentencesareadoptedinpoetry.ButShelleywroteTheCloudwithsomecomplexsentences,suchas“FrommywingsareshakenthedewsthatwakenThesweetbudseveryone,”PhrasesApartfromchoosingsimplesentences,Shelleyalsomadesomephrasesintolinesofthepoem.Bythisway,hecouldmakeitshortandincreasetherhythmforreadingit.Eg.”Fromtheseasandthestreams”“Intheirnoondaydreams”Ⅳ.AttheSemanticLevel•FiguresofspeechThemostimpressivepartofTheCloudwasthefiguresofspeechusedinit:personification,metaphorandparallelism.1.Thecloudisapersonificationandametaphorfortheperpetualcycleoftransformationandchangeinnature.Alllifeandmatterareinterconnectedandundergounendingchangeandmetamorphosis.2.“Ibringfreshshowersforthethirstingflowers”“Intheirnoondaydreams”“Frommywingsareshakenthedewsthatwaken”“Whenrockedtorestontheirmother’sbreast,Asshedancesaboutthesun.”3.Ibringfreshshowersforthethirstingflowers,Fromtheseasandthestreams;IbearlightshadefortheleaveswhenlaidIntheirnoondaydreams.ContrastInadditon,Shelleyhadputseveralcontrastsinthispoemaswell,inordertoachievetheeffectofshowingavividpictureoftheimagery.Eg.Andwhitenthegreenplainsunder,Using“whiten”insteadof“throwhailandsnowon”tocontrastwiththe“green”coloroftheplains.IWanderedLonelyasaCloudByWilliamWordsworth•IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.•ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.•Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOutdidthesparklingwavesinglee;ApoetcouldnotbutbegayInsuchajocundcompany;Igaze--andgazed--butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:•Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.BackgroundWilliamWordsworth(1770—1850)istheleadingfigureoftheEnglishRomanticMovementinpoetry.HewasknownasPoetLaureate(桂冠诗人)andLakePoets(湖畔派诗人).Thepoem“Iwanderedlonelyasacloud”recapturesamomentonApril15,1802,whenWordsworthandhissister,Dorothy,werewalkingnearalakeatGrasmere,CumbriaCounty,England,andcameuponashorelinedwithdaffodils.1.AtthePhonologicalLevel•1.1Meter•Thispoemiswrittenbasicallyiniambictetrameter.Forexample,thefirstfourlinesofthefirststanzafollowthispattern.•IˈwanderedˈlonelyˈasaˈcloudThatˈfloatsonˈhigho’erˈvalesandˈhills,WhenˈallatˈonceIˈsawaˈcrowd,Aˈhost,ofˈgoldenˈdaffodils;•However,theauthormakessomeadjustmentsincertainplacesinordertoavoiddullness.Forinstance,inthelastlineofthesecondstanza(“Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance”),here,thefirstfootturnstobetrochaic.Andthisvariationreinforcesthemovementexpressedbytheverb“toss”,whichdescribesvividlythescenethatthedaffodilsraisetheirheadsgailyinthebreeze