英国文学史 莎士比亚 简介

WilliamShakespeare------(1564～1616)●Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题。●Betterawittyfoolthanafoolishwit.宁为聪明的渔夫，不做愚蠢的才子。●Alightheartliveslong.豁达者长寿●Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart.空话，空话，只有空话，没一点是真。●Alittlemorethankin,andlessthankind.超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。——《哈姆雷特》●Nothingwillcomeofnothing.一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》●Keepupyourbrightswords,forthedewwillrustthem.收起你们明晃晃的剑，它们沾了露水会生锈的。——《奥赛罗》HewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.Heleftusagreatwealthof154sonnets,37plays,including14comedies,12tragedies,and11historicalplays,aswellastwolongpoems.Shakespeare’sBirthplace--HewasborninthishouseonHenleyStreetinStratford-on-AvoninApril23,1564.Shakespeare’sBurialSite-----HediedonApril23,1616,andwasburiedintheHolyTrinityChurchinStratford-on-Avon,Warwickshire,shownhere.FourmajorperiodsofShakespeare’sliterarylifeTheFirstPeriod:TheExperimentalPeriod(1590～1594)TheSecondPeriod:ThePeriodofComediesandHistories(1595～1600)TheThirdPeriod:ThePeriodofTragedies(1601～1609)TheFourthPeriod:ThePeriodofDramaticRomances(1609～1612)TheFirstPeriod：Inthisperiod,hewrotethechronicleplaysHenryVIandRichardIII；thecrudetragedyofbloodTitusAndronicus;andfourcomedies.RomeoandJulietAMidsummerNight’sDream《哈姆雷特》讲述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父复仇的故事。哈姆雷特从父王的鬼魂口中得知叔叔克劳地杀兄篡位的秘密，但却一直犹豫该如何着手报仇。结果哈姆雷特误杀未婚妻奥菲莉娅的父亲波洛涅斯，导致她因此发疯坠河而死。他的母亲后来也误饮毒酒身亡。优柔寡断的王子终于在怒不可遏之下杀死万恶的叔叔。•哈姆雷特Hamlet•克劳狄斯Claudius乔特鲁德Gertrude哈姆莱特之母奥菲利亚Ophelia波洛涅斯之女•波洛涅斯Polonius（御前大臣）•雷欧提斯（波洛涅斯之子）•霍拉旭（哈姆雷特之友）•多森格兰兹（朝臣）吉尔登斯吞（朝臣）•奥斯克里（宫廷大臣）ThisisoneofthemostfamoussoliloquiesofHamlet’s.▼Soliloquyistheactoftalkingtooneself,whethersilentlyoraloud.Indramaitdenotestheconventionbywhichacharacter,aloneonthestage,uttershisorherthoughtsaloud.Melancholy（忧郁）–Father’sdeathHisdisappointwithhismotherImpulsive（冲动）–WhenhestabsPoloniusthroughacurtainwithoutevencheckingwhoheisLookingdownuponwomen–HiswordsoftenindicatehisdisgustwithalldistrustofwomeningeneralHesitation–HethinksalotbeforeactionTobeornottobeOnfindingoutthemurderShakespeare’ssuccessasagreatplaywrightchieflyrestonthefollowingfiveaspects:1)Theprogressivesignificanceofhisthemes;2)Hissuccessfulcharacterportrayal;3)Hismaster-handinconstructingplays;4)Theingenuityofhispoetry;5)HismasteryofEnglishlanguage.CharacteristicsofShakespeare’sDramaThroughhisplays,hetouchedalmosteveryaspectsofhumanlife,ofhumanpleasuresandhumantragedies.Moreover,heisperhapstheperfectexpressionofRenaissancehumanism.themesInhis37dramas,Shakespearecreatedalargegroupoflifelikecharacterswholiveandstruggle,sufferandrejoice—representingallthecomplexitiesandimplicationsofreallife.characterportrayalShakespeareisamaster-handforeveryformofdrama—comedy,tragedy,andhistoricalplays.Moreover,histragediesmayhavecomicelements,andhiscomediesincludesardoniccommentariesonhumanfrailty.Theactionisdevelopedfreely,withoutbeinghinderedbytherulesoftheclassicalunities(action,placeandtime).constructingplaysInhiscreationofdramas,hesucceededincombingthetwosidesofhistalent—ShakespearethepoetandShakespearethedramatist—intooneandproducedthemostremarkablepoeticdramasinEnglandorperhapsinthewholeworld.Shakespearenotonlyproducedwonderfulpoetryindifferentforms,likesongs,sonnets,rhymedcouplets,andespeciallydramaticblankverse,hewasalsoamasterofproseofvariousstyles,botheffectiveandpowerful.poetryHeusedmorethan16000differentwordsandenrichedtheEnglishlanguagewithhisowncoinage.HeusestheEnglishlanguagethegreatestfreedomandease,sothatallthespeechesfitallthecharactersthatusethem.language.Question？