锤炼句子---提高英语写作能力的基本之路

写好句子1.熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。我们知道，单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础，然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的，耗时费力不说，拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语，很不地道。因此，考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”，并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点：（1）主谓要一致；（2）正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气；（3）名词的格要与代词的格一致；（4）句子结构成分完整，特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。(5)一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。(6)句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。二、高考英语写作高分秘诀•1．句式要有变化•①复杂句、并列句•②倒装句•（1）虚拟语气中if省略；（2）only+状语置于句首•（3）否定词置于句首（4）地点副词置于句首•③强调句型•Itis……that(who)…•④非谓语动词。•⑤虚拟语气•⑥固定句型结构•too…to…so…that…sucha…that…notonly…butalso…neither…nor…•suchas…not…until…sothat…either…or…•⑦直接引语与间接引语•多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构1、改变句子的开头方式句子不要一味都用主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词作状语等。试比较：TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.1).MybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycletheotherday.2).Theyoungmancouldn’thelpcryingwhenheheardthebadnews.Hearingthebadnews,theyoungmancouldn’thelpcrying.2、在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式。在一篇文章中,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。Itisthedogthathassavedmylittlesisterbravely.A.强调句Thedoghassavedmylittlesisterbravely.强调句Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+其余部分1.强调句可强调主语，宾语，状语等。2.引导词that/who,3.be动词:is,was注意•1.当被强调部分指人时，可用that，也可用who；指物时，只用thatItwasTom（）Imetlastweek.Itisanewbook()hisbrotherwantstobuy.2.强调状语时,Itisat5o'clock()thetrainwillarrive.Itwasinthepark()IsawKatelastweek.who(that)thatthat(不用when)that(不用where)只用that,不用when,where.注意3.被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如：Itishewho_____late.Itistheythat_____late.4.一般疑问句的强调句为如：HewillleaveforHongKongat7:00.isareItisat7:00thathewillleaveforHongKongIsitat7:00thathewillleaveforHongKong?Is(was)it+强调部分+that…?特殊疑问句形式。•句式结构：•例．_______isit_______hasmadePetersuccess?•A.What;that;B.That;what;•C.What;what;D.That;that;√特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat…？依此为据扩展开来可为：[简析]：ItisdeterminationthathasmadePetersuccess.→WhatisitthathasmadePetersuccess.•依此为据扩展开来可为：•1．Howisitthatsheturneddownourhelp?什么原因使得…？•2．WherewasitthatyoumetTomyesterday?究竟在哪…？•3．Whenwasitthatyoumethiminthepark?究竟何时…？•5．Whowasitthatthatcameupwiththebrightidea?究竟是谁…？•6．Whichbookisitthatyouwanttobuy?究竟是哪一本书…？•7．Whoseumbrellawasitthatyoutookaway?到底是谁的伞…？注意5.“not…until…”句型的强调结构为如：Ididn'tfinishmyhomeworkuntil5:00.Itwasnotuntil5:00thatIfinishedmyhomework.Itwasnotuntilhegraduatedfromhighschoolthatherealizedhismistakes.Hedidn'trealizehismistakesuntilhegraduatedfromhighschool.“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”注意6.区分从句和强调句型比较：Itwasintheriverthatheoftenswam.Itwasintheriverwhereheoftenswam.Itwastheriverwhereheoftenswam.强调句型地点状语从句定语从句Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallvillage.Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallvillage.强调句时间状语从句7、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。1．Itwasnotluckbutdifficultiesthathimsuccess.A.makesB.make2．PersonallyIthinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirls,who______toblame.A.isB.are句式结构为：Itis/wasnot…but…that…;不是…而是…（that后的动词与后的名词或代词保持一致）Itis/was…ratherthan…that…;是…而不是…(that后的动词应与ratherthan的名词或代词保持一致)but前面√√8、强调句型中含有名词性从句。•句式结构为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句;••I’vealreadyforgotten_________youputthedictionary.•A.thatitwasthereB.wherewasitthat•C.thatwhereitwasD.whereitwasthat√•强调句型中含有：•Itwasattheverybeginning____Mr.Foxmadethedecision_____weshouldsendmorefirefightersthere.•A.when;whichB.where;what•C.then;soD.that;that[简析]：本题答案为D。第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明thedecision的内容。同位语从句强调句型中含有定语从句。•1．Itwasinthesmallhouse_____wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather____hespenthischildhood.•A.which;thatB.that;where•C.which;whichD.that;which√2．Itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyplentyoftimethatheoughttohavespentdoinghislessons.[简析]：第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导定语从句。强调句型中含有状语从句。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.Itwassinceshecameherethatshebegantocrying.Itiswhenhefoundamousethatherealizeditwasadirtyroom.被强调的部分是原因，时间，……等状语从句。高考题回放1.Itistheabilitytodothejob__matters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it2.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so3.Itwasabout600yearsago__thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when4.Itwasbecauseofbadweather___thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(2003)A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that视听的时候,只听其音量,不要试图听明白其内容.1.他告诉我正是因为他上课迟到才受到惩罚的。2.他们的计划失败的原因是因为缺钱，而不是没有努力。3.她是在知道事情真相后才意识到错怪女儿了。Itwasnotuntilheknewthetruththatsherealizedshehadmisunderstoodherdaughter.Itwaslackofmoneynotofeffortthatdefeatedtheirplan.Hetoldmethatitwasbecausehewaslateforclassthathewaspunished.Whatwehadtodowastostandthere，tryingtocatchtheoffender.B.主从复合句Wehadtostandtheretocatchtheoffender.Thedriverescapedwithoutstopping，leavingtheoldmanlyingontheroad.C.分词短语，由with或without引导的短语Thedriverescapedanddidn’tstop，helefttheoldmanlyingontheroad.倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：一、当as引导让步状语从句时，可以把表语提到前面来，采用“形容词（或副词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”这种形式，如：Oldasmyfatheris,hekeepsupwithhisEnglishstudy.Childasheis,heknowssomethingofelectricity.Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.Youngasshewas,shewasalreadydirectorofafactory.二、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，其后面的主语部分要进行倒装，如：Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationthere.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlyoncedidhisfatherdiscusshisfuturewithhim.OnlyyesterdaydidIrealizewhatwasgoingon.OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.注：only修饰