91初中英语构词法

英语构词法18-11-07CherryChoi合成复合词派生前缀后缀转化动-名/名-动/形-动英语构词法种类※缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。CherryChoi一、合成:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。复合名词•class+room=classroom(名词+名词)•black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词)•复合形容词•warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的•good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的•world+wide=worldwide世界性的•hard+working=hard-working努力工作的CherryChoi一、合成:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。•复合动词•over+come=overcome克服(副词+动词)•复合数词•fifty+four=fifty-four•复合代词•everyone,somebody,anything,nobody(不定代词+名词)复合副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词)whole+heartedly=wholeheartedly全神贯注地(副词+副词)CherryChoi二、派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。前缀:一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的+understandv.理解---misunderstandv.误解en+largeadj.大的---enlargev.扩大后缀:一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。carev.照料---carefuladj.细心的workv.工作---workern.工人CherryChoi常见的前缀CherryChoi(A)表示否定的前缀：un---unfair,unhappynon----nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in----inactive(常用在adj.后)dis----disagree,disappear,dislikeim----impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)(B).表示错误或失误的前缀:mis---misunderstand,misdirect(误导)CherryChoi(C)表示两个,双边的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle(D)表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀：inter—interview,international,internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀：re—review,return,rewrite(F)表示远的前缀tele–telephone,televisionCherryChoi常见的后缀CherryChoi-tion：educate--education,invite---invitation,predict---prediction-ment：development,movement,disappointment-er：teacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor1.动词变名词：CherryChoi-nessgood—goodness,happy-happiness,busy-business,care—careless--carelessness-ityable--ability,possible--possibility2.形容词变名词：-ist(人,名词后缀)science--scientist,terror--terrorist-ese(民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese,Japanese名词后缀补充:CherryChoi-y:windy,rainy,healthy,cloudy,funny,sunny-ish:foolish,childish,girlish-some:handsome,troublesome-ous:dangerous,humorous-ful:helpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-less:homeless,helpless,careless,useless-ed：surprised,bored,excited,relaxed,interested-ing：surprising,boring,exciting,relaxing,interesting,outstanding3.名词变形容词：CherryChoi-al:traditional,international,nature--natural-ify:beauty-beautify,simple--simplify-ize:realize-en:quicken,sharpen,widen4.动词变形容词：5.名词、形容词变动词：CherryChoi三、转化：是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.watern.水------watervt.浇水常见的转化形式：动-名/名-动/形-动动词---名词stopv.停止-------n.车站watchv.观看-----------n.手表lookv.看----havealookn.看walkv.散步,走---takeawalkn.散步lovev.爱---yourloven.爱CherryChoi名词---动词handn.手---vt.上交seatn.座位---vt.坐nursen.护士---vt.护理oiln.油---vt.上油timen.时间------vt.定时，测时shown.展示,秀—--vt.表演,秀-形容词---动词open(adj.开着的)—open(v.开)clean(adj.清洁的)-----clean(v.打扫)slow(adj.慢的)---slow(v.放慢)CherryChoi４.缩写和简写:也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory---labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--examIdentification---IDCherryChoi另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成：CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)CherryChoi