(三)英语句子种类

句子类型•句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句:用于陈述事实或阐明观点的句子。词序：“主语+谓语动词”或“主语+系动词+表语”肯定结构：（谓语动词不含有否定词）Heissixyearsold.否定结构：将not置于第一个助动词或情态动词之后；一般现在时和一般过去时谓语动词不含有助动词，则在动词前加do（does）或did再加not。Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句一般疑问句：助动词+主语+谓语(不含有助动词或情态动词，则在主语前加do（does）或did；需要用肯定词yes或否定词no来回答。--IsJohnill?--Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Howoldishe?选择疑问句：Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Whodoyoulikebest,TomorDerek?反义疑问句：附加疑问句结构：助动词或情态动词+主语（陈述句如果是肯定结构，则附加用否定结构；反之，陈述句是否定结构，其后附加用肯定结构。附加疑问句的主语用代词）--Yousisterhasn’treturnedfromSanFranciscoyet,hasshe?--Yes,shehas.--No,shehasn’t.•句子种类两种分类法3）祈使句：表示请求，命令，劝告，或建议等的句子。主语常常省略。祈使句没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass.4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!WhatfoolishmistakesIhavemade!按句子的结构分为三种:简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)(一).简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语):1.Tomlikesrockmusic.2.TomandJohnarefondofrockmusic.3.Tomsatdownathisdeskandbegantodohishomework.▲▲简单句的五种基本句型1._________________________Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Helooksprettyhappytoday.★高考经常考查的系动词:1.“变得”______,_______,_______,_______,_____...2.“看起来”______,______,______“闻起来”______“尝起来”_____“摸起来”______“听起来”_____主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)getbecometurngogrowlookseemappearsmelltastefeelsound★系动词的用法:(注意三点)+___________作表语;无__________;无__________;e.g.Thedish________________.(尝起来好吃)Thestory_______________.(听起来有趣).adj.宾语被动语态tastesdelicioussoundsinteresting2.________________Ourchalkhasrunout.Onhearingthenews,hecheered.★高考经常考查的不及物动词:“发生”__________;__________;__________;____________________“用完,用光”________;________.....★不及物动词的用法:无__________,无_________主语+谓语(S+V)happenoccurtakeplacecomeaboutbreakoutrunoutgiveout宾语被动语态e.g.1.“过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化”Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchangesinthelastfewyears.________________________________________________________.2.Doyouknowwhatwashappenedyesterday?(改错)(×)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthelastfewyears.＼3._____________________WearehavinganEnglishclass.MrWangwillattendthelecture.4.________________________IteachyouEnglish.Heofferedmehisseat.5.________________________Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Iheardthemcheeringinthenextroom.Isawthewindowbroken.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S+V+O1+O2)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+C)请说出下列句子类型:1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywon’tletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.SheknowsFrench.5.Thegassmellsterrible.S+ViS+V+O+CS+V+O1+O2S+V+OS+V+P(二)并列句(compoundsentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。常用并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both….and….,notonly….butalso….,neither….nor….but,while,yetfor,soor,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Ican’taffordit.Hewastired,sohewenttobed.Thedressisreallybeautiful,butIcan’taffordit.3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,and/whileJohnisgreetingguests.4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.1.Henotonlyworkshardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.2.Notonlydoesheworkhardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.Bythetimehearrived,1wehadalreadyleft.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句:从句主句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1.____________2._____________3._____________主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句指出下列各从句的类型：Ihopethateverythingisallright.ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Itiswell-knownthatthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldonAugust8th.Asisknowntoall,the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinaboutfourmonths.主语从句定语从句Iwanttoliveinaplacewheretheairisfresh.Iwanttolivewheretheairisfresh.定语从句状语从句请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间状语从句)I’llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.assoonas★themoment★theminute★immediatelyItissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(结果状语从句)Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Suchabigboxisitthatnobodycanmoveit.Itissobigaboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Thedressisbeautiful.Ican’taffordit.(让步状语从句)Although/Thoughthedressisbeautiful,Ican’taffordit.Beautifulasthedressis,Ican’taffordit.补充：therebe句型：A.therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。1.今晚有个会议。Thereisgoingtobe/willbeameetingtonight.2.有个女孩一直在等你。Therehasbeenagirlwaitingforyou.3.你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。Therehadbeenmanysuchaccidentsbeforeyoucame.B.Therebe结构变形。1.Thereused/seem/happen/appeartobe…1).看来没人愿意帮忙。Thereappearedtobenobodywillingtohelp.2).过去这儿有一座楼房。Thereusedtobeabuildinghere.3).碰巧有个人在此经过。Therehappenedtobeamanwalkingby.4).好象没有太大的希望。Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchhope.B.Therebe结构变形。2.在therebe的be前还可以加上各种情态动词.1).一定有问题。Theremustbesomethingwrong.2).不应该有这么多的人。Thereoughtnottobesomanypeople.3).可能还有点希望。Theremightstillbehope.C.“therebe”结构中的特殊动词：1.除用动词be之外，还可以用和be意义相近的其他动词：live,exist,stand,lie,occur,come,follow,remain等。1).很久很久以前，有一个国王。Long,longago,therelivedaking.2).然后有人敲门。Thentherecameaknockatthedoor.3).然后是传来了可怕的声音。Therefollowedaterriblenoise.4).突然进来了一个奇怪的人。Suddenlythereenteredastrangeman.D.“therebe”的特殊的表达方式1.Thereisnosenseindoing做某事是没有意义的Thereisnosenseinmakinghimangry.跟他生气是没有用的。2.Thereisnouse/gooddoing做某事是没有用的Thereisnogood/usegoingthere.去那儿是没有好处的。3.Thereisnoneedtodo没有必要做某事Thereisnoneedtogivehimsomuchmoney.根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.----Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe?----__