天然纤维素纤维

NaturalCellulosicFibers天然纤维素纤维2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberFibrousmaterialsarefoundinnearlyallplantlife,butsomeplantsinparticularhaveprovedtobeimportantsourcesoftextilefibersforthemanufactureofyarns,cord,andfabrics.theseplantfiberscomsistlargelyofcelluloseand,therefore,areclassifiedasnaturalcellulosicfibers.fibrous纤维的textile纺织品yarns纱、线cord绳、索fabric织物2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberFibrousmaterialsarefoundinnearlyallplantlife,butsomeplantsinparticularhaveprovedtobeimportantsourcesoftextilefibersforthemanufactureofyarns,cord,andfabrics.theseplantfiberscomsistlargelyofcelluloseand,therefore,areclassifiedasnaturalcellulosicfibers.纤维的原料几乎在所有植物中都能被找到，但部分植物却被证明是制造纱线、绳索等织物的纺织品纤维的重要来源。这些植物纤维大部分由纤维素组成，因此，被分为天然纤维素纤维一类。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberThistermindicatesthesimplechemistryofthesubstancesandprovidesascientificmethodforcomparingnaturalcellulosewithman-madecellulosefibers.Thenaturalcellulosefiberscommonlyencounteredinconsumergoodsincludecotton,flax(linenfabric),jute,andhemp.flax亚麻linen亚麻布jute黄麻hemp大麻2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberThistermindicatesthesimplechemistryofthesubstancesandprovidesascientificmethodforcomparingnaturalcellulosewithman-madecellulosefibers.Thenaturalcellulosefiberscommonlyencounteredinconsumergoodsincludecotton,flax(linenfabric),jute,andhemp.这学期指出物质的简单的化学性质，为天然纤维素纤维和人造纤维素纤维的比较提供一个科学的方法。在消费商品中通常遇到的天然纤维素纤维有棉、亚麻（亚麻布织物）、黄麻和大麻。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberOthernaturalcellulosefibersmaybefoundintextileproductsimportedfromothercountries.其它纤维素纤维可能从国外进口的纺织产品中找到。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberThefollowingdiscussionsummarizesthegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibersandrayonasaclassorgroup.Celluloseacetateandcellulosetriacetatearechemicalvariantsofcelluloseand,assuch,donotshareinmanyofthe“familycharacteristics.”rayon人造丝acetate醋酸盐triacetate三醋酸盐2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberThefollowingdiscussionsummarizesthegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibersandrayonasaclassorgroup.Celluloseacetateandcellulosetriacetatearechemicalvariantsofcelluloseand,assuch,donotshareinmanyofthe“familycharacteristics.”接下来的讨论一组一组的概括了天然纤维素纤维和人造丝的一般特性。醋酸纤维素和三醋酸纤维素是不同的化学纤维素，同样的，它们有很多不同的特性。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberThedensityofcellulosicfiberstendstoberelativelyhigh,makingfabricswovenfromyarnsofthesefibersfeelcomparativelyheavy.Cellulosicfibershaverelativelylowelasticityandresilience.Asaresult,theywrinkleeasilyanddonotrecoverfromwrinklingreadily.woven无纺布elasticity弹性resilience弹性wrinkle起皱2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberThedensityofcellulosicfiberstendstoberelativelyhigh,makingfabricswovenfromyarnsofthesefibersfeelcomparativelyheavy.Cellulosicfibershaverelativelylowelasticityandresilience.Asaresult,theywrinkleeasilyanddonotrecoverfromwrinklingreadily.纤维素纤维的密度倾向于相对高些，用纤维制的纱线来制造无纺布就相对困难些。纤维素纤维的弹性相对低些。因此，它们更容易起皱并且不容易从轻易地起皱中恢复。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberAbsorbencyandmoistureregainaregenerallygood.Mostcellulosicfibersare,therefore,slowtodryafterwetting,comfortabletowear,andeasytodye.moisture水分wetting变湿dye染色absorbency吸收性吸收能力和水分恢复能力一般很好。大部分的纤维素纤维是这样的，因此，它们变湿后干的很慢，穿着很舒适，很容易染色。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberCellulosicfibersaregoodconductorsofheatandelectricity.Asgoodconductorsofheat,theycarrywarmthawayfromthebody,andarefavoredforuseinhotweatherandwarmclimates.Sincetheyconductelectricity,cellulosicfibersdonotbuildupstaticelectricity,whichproducesshockswhengarmentsareworn.纤维素纤维是热和电的良导体。作为热的良导体，它们从身体带走热量，大量用于炎热的天气很温暖的气候中。因为它们是电的良导体，纤维素纤维不会增加使穿衣服时产生电击的静电。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberCellulosicfiberstendtoburneasily,withaquick,yellowflame,muchaspaper(whichisalsocellulose).Mostcellulosicfiberscan,however,withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch.Onanelectriciron,cottonandlinensettingarethehighestsettingsonthedial.ironing熨平衣服scorch烧焦iron熨斗dial刻度盘2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberCellulosicfiberstendtoburneasily,withaquick,yellowflame,muchaspaper(whichisalsocellulose).Mostcellulosicfiberscan,however,withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch.Onanelectriciron,cottonandlinensettingarethehighestsettingsonthedial.纤维素纤维易于燃烧，燃烧迅速，火焰呈黄色，很像纸的燃烧（纸也是纤维素）。大部分纤维素能够抵抗相当高的干燥度很高温或者在不烤焦的情况下熨平的温度。对于一个上电的熨斗，棉和亚麻布都能抵抗最高温。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberChemicalpropertiesofcellulosicfibersincludegoodresistancetoalkalis.Excessivebleachingwillharmcellulosicfibers,althoughcarefullycontrolledbleachingislessdetrimental.Strongmineralacidsarequitedamaging,andmostnaturalcellulosicfiberswillwithstandhighwatertemperatures.properties属性alkalis碱bleaching漂白mineral矿物acid酸2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberChemicalpropertiesofcellulosicfibersincludegoodresistancetoalkalis.Excessivebleachingwillharmcellulosicfibers,althoughcarefullycontrolledbleachingislessdetrimental.Strongmineralacidsarequitedamaging,andmostnaturalcellulosicfiberswillwithstandhighwatertemperatures.纤维素纤维的化学属性包括对碱的强抵抗力。过度的漂白会伤害纤维素纤维，尽管小心的控制漂白会减少伤害。强无机酸伤害性很大，大部分的天然纤维素纤维能抵抗水的高温。2.1IntorductionofnaturalcellulosicfiberSuchpropertiespermitlaunde