主谓一致

主谓一致•主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系•主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，eg.1.Fewstudentsarereallylazy.2.Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.3.NeitherJulianorIamgoing.•1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Readingandwritingareveryimportant.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.典型例题TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were•答案B.注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。•2主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk..Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Eitheryouorsheistogo.Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.•3谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.HeaswellasI_____(want)togoboating.•4谓语需用单数1）代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。Eachofushasatape-recorder.Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Tenyuanisenough.•5指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）在代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。Allisright.(一切顺利。)Allarepresent.(所有人都到齐了。)Whatheneeds____50computers.•2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.他家不是一个大家庭。Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。Arethereanypolicearound?•6与后接名词或代词保持一致1）用halfof,partof,mostof,aportionof等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.2）在一些短语，如manya或morethanone所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由morethan…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.许多人都读过这本书。Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。Exercises1.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity____nowonstrike.A.isB.areC.istobeD.aretobe2.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.A.beB.isC.amD.are3.NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgrade____notabletosolvethisproblem.A.areB.wereC.isD.am4.Tolistentofinemusicandtohavestimulatingconversationwithgoodfriends____twopleasuresinlife.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen5.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutmuchresult.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.is6.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher____tothechange.A.objectsB.objectC.beenobjectedD.areobjected7.Myneighborandcolleague___wateringtheflowers.A.isB.areC.hasD.havebeen8.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen9.Theyeach_____anewdictionary.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are10.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided11._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are12.Thewounded_______bythehospital.A.havebeentakeninC.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.hastakenin13.Youaswellashetoblamefortheaccident.A.areB.isC.haveD.has14.---I'mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”---“.”A.IamsoB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo15.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,areVocabularyeducationbusinessextentwhatevercareergoalgraduatesubjectopportunitydebtcoursecertificatereasonlikelycheatunderstandingrespecttrulyexperienceadjustsenseresponsibilitydecisionaccountcurrentsavingcredituniversityconfusedsupposeguardcomfortabledorm(itory)homesickseasickrealitywithinmanagefluentaccentawardembarrassinterviewsuccessrisksituationsheetrudegrammarleafhoweverskillnaturalabilityimprovestyleexpectsimilarconversationunfortunatelyaffectdetailediteminformationenergypoliticscasesuggestion(suggest)headlinecompare1.AllthestudentsinMrs.Black’sclassareworkingveryhardinorderto____themselvesinEnglish.A.ExpectB.compareC.improveD.learn2.Maryenjoysa(n)____abilitytosingwell.A.StyleB.unfortunateC.gladD.natural3.Anniswearingabeautifuldress,andMarya____one.A.SimilarB.realC.fluentD.rude4.Theyteachyouthe____youneedtobecomeasuccessfuljournalist.A.ConversationB.skillsC.detailD.headline5.Whenhewantstosmokeheforgetsthefactthatsmoking____hishealth.A.EducatesB.cheatsC.affectsD.respects6.Theteacher____Tom’shomeworkwithMike’sandfoundlittledifferencebetweenthem.A.ComparedB.experiencedC.sensedD.decided7.Idon’thavetimeand____todiscusswithher,asIhavealotofworktodo.A.ResponsibilityB.decisionC.accountD.energy8.Thisbookgivesallkindsofuseful____onhowtorepairbikes.A.SenseB.savingC.informationD.comfort9.Hehada____tohiswifewhogavehimthemoneytostarthisbusiness.A.JobB.debtC.chanceD.career10.A____ishelpfulinlookingforajob,butitdoesn'tmeanajob.A.CertificateB.gradeC.recordD.debt11.Ifyouthinkgettingacertificatemeansgettingajob,yo