V-ing_的用法

V-ing的用法现在分词的分类1.一般式2.完成式3.一般式的被动式4.完成式的被动式5.一般式的否定式6.完成式的否定式A.beingdoneB.doingC.notdoingD.havingdoneE.nothavingdoneF.havingbeendonev-ing形式的基本用法:动名词在句中起名词的作用，可做主语，宾语，表语和定语。现在分词在句中可做定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。V-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，用其一般式；v-ing形式表示的动作在主要动作之前发生，用其完成式。例如：Whatworriedthechildmostwasnotbeingallowedtovisithismotherinthehospital.Hewaspraisedforhavingsavedaboy’slife.在语态上，v-ing的主动式表示主动意义，被动式表示被动意义。如：Heinsistedonsendinghertohospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。Heinsistedonbeingsenttoworkinthecountryside.他坚持要被派到乡下工作。1）直接用动名词做主语。Collectingstampsishishobby.2)用it做形式主语，真正的主语——动名词短语放在后面。常用于下列句式：Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/awasteoftime/fun等后需用动名词做真正的主语。It’snousewaitingforhimanylonger.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.一.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数动词。3)当句型“Thereisno…”表示“不允许，禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词做主语。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。1)作及物动词的宾语。部分动词后面只能跟动名词，而不能跟不定式作宾语。避免错过少延期:avoid,miss,postpone建议完成多练习:advise,finish,practise喜欢想象禁不住:enjoy,imagine,can’thelp承认否认与嫉妒：admit,deny,envy逃避冒险莫原谅：escape,risk,excuse忍受保持不介意：stand,keep,mind二.做宾语2）下列动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语。insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。Ifeellikegoingtothemoviethisevening.注意：当动名词短语作宾语，后面又有宾语补足语时，常用it做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语——动名词短语放在后面。Shefoundituselessarguingwithhim.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?你觉得再试试会有好处吗？3）在动词start,begin,continue等可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.4)在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后接动名词作宾语指经常性的动作，而接不定式做宾语指具体的动作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.(用动名词作宾语，指每逢下雨就留在家）Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.(动词不定式作宾语，指今天下午留在家这一具体动作）5)有些动词或词组后跟v-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.meantodosth.meandoingtrytodosth.trydoingsth.停下来去做某事停止或不做某事想要做某事意味着做某事努力/企图做某事试着做某事（看会发生什么）beafraidtodosthbeafraidofdoingsth.rememberdoingsth.remembertodosth.forgetdoingsth.forgettodosthregretdoingsthregrettodosth不敢做某事害怕发生…记得做了某事记得要去做某事忘记曾做了某事忘记要去做某事后悔做了某事遗憾要去做goondoinggoontodocan’thelpdoingcan’thelptodo继续做同一件事继续做另外一件事情不自禁地去做某事不能帮助做某事6）.在allow,advise,forbid,permit等词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。即：allow/advise/forbid/permit+doing或：allow/advise/forbid/permit+sb.todoWedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.7）should/wouldlike/love等后必须用不定式。I’dliketohaveacupoftea.8）下列动词可接v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.Exercises1.Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk___thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost2.Itisnogood____allthetime.A.complainingB.tocomplainC.complainedD.complain3.Iregret___thatI’mtoobusy___inthetalk.A.tosay,toparticipateB.saying,participatingC.tosay,participatingD.saying,toparticipate4.Shehasbeenusedto___abroad.A.liveB.toliveC.livedD.living5.Haveyoueverdreamedof___sogoodachanceforfurthereducation?A.thereisB.theretobeC.therebeingD.therewillbe6.Thenoveliswellworth___but___thestudentshavereadit.A.toberead,notallB.toberead,allnotC.reading,notallD.reading,allnot7.Ihavetogotoworkonfoot,formybileneeds____.A.repairB.torepairC.repairingD.beingrepaired8)Idon'tmind____bybus,butIhate____inqueues.A)totravel...standingB)havingtraveled...standingC)traveling...tostandD)traveling...standing9)Whatabout____doublequantitiesofeverythingtoday?Wehavehardlytimetogo____nextweek.A)buying...toshopB)buy...shoppingC)buying...shoppingD)tobuy...shopping10)Wehadsometrouble____thehouseandnobodyseemed____whereitwas.A)infinding...knowingB)finding...toknowC)tofind...knowingD)tofind...toknow11)Wecan'timagine____intheentranceexamination,forshehasneverbeentoschool.A)shesucceedingB)hersucceedingC)shesucceedD)hertosucceed动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。Ourgreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.（动名词）Ourtaskisbuildingsocialism.（动名词）Thefilmwesawlastnightisquitemoving.（现在分词）三、动词-ing形式作表语全析提示：（1）动名词作表语时，主语和表语可以互换，句子意思不变。（2）现在分词作表语时，主语和表语不能互换。现在分词前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very,rather等。Hishobbyisplayingfootball.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Thenewsis(very)exciting.Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。1)动名词做定语时，表示被修饰名词的性能，有“供…之用”的意思。drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室四、动词-ing形式作定语2)现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。tiringmusic=musicthatistiring烦人的音乐asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果现在分词短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.3.现在分词短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.1，动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。例如：我看见他正在上楼。Isawhimgoingupstairs.我们看着她在过大街。Wewatchedhercrossingthestreet.我们听见她在房间里唱歌。Weheardhersinginginherroom。五、动词-ing形式作宾补2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listen