写作技巧

写作技巧写作程序的五个步骤写作程序的五个步骤1、阅读试题指令，审清标题•2、推敲段首句和提示•3、拟写提纲•4、全文写作•5、复查、修改、抄写大学英语写作常用的五种模式启承转合模式•第一段•（启）主题句•推展句一•推展句二•推展句三•第二段•（承）支持句•推展句一•推展句二•推展句三•推展句四•（在推展句中以范例、事实、数据等进行论证）（转）推展句一•推展句二•第三段•（合）结论句一•结论句二示范IsMoneyAllPowerful•(启)Moneyisconsideredbymanypeopleasthemostpowerfulthingintheworld.Theybelievethatwithmoneyonecanmakethedevilturnthemillstone.•Theyarguethatmostofthematerialthingsinourdailylifehavetobeboughtwithmoneyandthatiftheyarerichtheycanliveacomfortablelifebyhavingafinehousetolivein,beautifulclothestowear,anddeliciousmealstoeat.•(承)Itistruethatmoneydoesplayanimportantroleinourlife.Inmanypeople’seyes,havingalotofmoneymeansowningasuccessfulcareer.Withagreatamountofmoneyonecanfulfillalotofone’sdesires,andmoneycanmakethepoorgloriousandtheuglybeautiful.•(转)Butmoneycannotbuyeverythingatthesametime.Nomatterhowmuchmoneyonehas,canonebuytime,healthandtruelovewithmoney?•(合)Therefore,inmycomprehension,moneyisnotallpowerfulsinceitsvalueisonlylimited.2、论点+论据+结论模式第一段•主题句(论点)•推展句一•推展句二第二段•支持句（论据一）•推展句一•推展句二•支持句（论据二）•推展句一•推展句二第三段•结论句•推展句一•推展句二示范OnObjectiveExamination•(论点)Objectiveexaminationsincollegeanduniversitycoursesnowadaysareincreasing.Thestudentsaregivensometrue-falseormultiplechoicesandaskedtoanswerthesamequestionslikemachine.Thequestionsarenotbasedonstudents’subjectivecreationbutonsetrulesandpatternsorso-calledkeys.Inmyopinion,thiskindofexamdoesnotleadtosatisfactory.•(论据一)Firstofall,thiskindofexamisnotbasedonscientifictheory.Itconsistsofalargenumberofunrelatedquestionsthatjustrequirethestudentstodemonstrateamasteryofdetailsandleadstoamemorizationofisolatedfactsduringthepre-testperiodofstudy.Andthestudentsmaybeencouragedtoguessanswersforwhichhehasnoaccurateknowledge.(论据二)Andatthesametime,inordertogetahighscoreintheexam,thestudenthastolaystressonhowtojudgetrueorfalseorchoosethebestchoice.•Thestudenthasnoabilitytohandlegeneralconceptsonfactualinformation.Somestudentseventrytocheat.(结论)FromwhatIhavesaid,Ithinkobjectiveexamisaviolationofoureducationalprinciplewhichaimsatthedevelopmentandelevationofthewholeperson.Thenumberofobjectiveexaminationsshouldbegreatlyreduced.3、问题+原因+结论模式•第一段主题句•具体问题一•具体问题二•第二段原因一•细节一•细节二•原因二•细节一•细节二•第三段结论句一•结论句二示范OnRelievingOfStudents’Pressure•(主题句一)nowadaysweoftenhearparentsarecomplainingofthehighpressuretheirchildrenaresufferingfromtheirstudies.Theysaytheschoolbagsontheirbackaregettingheavierandheavier,thehourstheyspendontheirassignmentslongerandlonger,andthetimeleftfortheirownentertainmentlessandless.•(原因一)whydoestheirburdeneverincreaseandcannotberelievedinspiteofthesocialprotests?Foronething,parentshaveastrongdesirefortheearlyintellectualachievementoftheirchildren.Theybelievethatiftheydon’tforcetheirchildrentostudymore,theirchildrenwilllosethegoldenchancesforsuccessandoftheirbeingadmittedtokeyschoolandfamousuniversities.Sotheirchildrenaregroaningundertheconstantpressuretoscorehigh,testwell,aimfirst.(原因二)foranotherreason,manyteachersallythemselveswithparentsanapplyingpressure.Sincescoresarenotmeasurementofateacher’sperformance,itisnaturalforateachertoassignmorehomeworkforhisownsakeaswellasforhisstudents.Failuretoproducestudentswhowinfirstplaceinschoolacademicexaminationsisoftenseenasevidenceofbadteacher.•（结论句）therefore,Ithinkstudents’heavyburdenofstudycanberelievedonlyafterallparentsandteacherscometoseetheharmfulnesstotheirchildrenandsocietydoessomethingtoreformourpresenteducationalsystem.Itisnoteasy,butworthtrying.4、论题+比较+结论模式•第一段•主题句（引出所要比较的两事物）•扩展句（表明作者的观点，赞成哪一个，反对哪一个）•第二段•比较句一•A的优势一、二……•A的劣势一、二……•比较句二•B的优势一、二……•B的劣势一、二……•第三段•结论句(A优于B或是B优于A)示范BicyclesOrCars,WhichIsABetterMeansOfTransportation•Bicycles,andcarsarenowimportantmeansoftransport.Althoughinrecentyearsmoreandmorepeoplehaveboughtcarsandgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoencourageindividualstobuycar,Ithinkcarscannevertaketheplaceofbicyclesandforme,Ipreferbicyclestocars.•Bicycleisthemostcommonmeansoftransportinourcountry.Thereareseveralreasons:first,mostpeoplearenotrichenoughtobuyacar.Becauseabicycleisnotexpensive,almosteveryfamilycanaffordit.Second,chinahasalargepopulationandthetrafficisheavy.Abicyclehastheadvantageofbeingsmall.Aroadwhichcanonlyholdtwocarssidebysidecanallowmorethantenbicycles.Finally,peopleliketorideonabicycletoschool,toworkandtotravel.It’ssopleasantanditdoesgoodforpeople’shealth.Ofcourse,comparedwithacar,abicyclehasitsowndisadvantages.Forinstance,alongtravelisnotfitforabicycle,andabicycleisunfitfortheoldandtheill.•Nomatterwhathasbeenandwhatwillbedone,Ithinkabicyclehasremainedandwillstillbeaverypopularmeansoftransportinourcountrybecauseofitsuniqueadvantages.5、演绎归纳模式•第一段•点题，提出一般性的前提，或以个别现象的描述开篇，引出主题。•第二段•承接上面的主题开始从一般到个别的论证，或是列举大量客观存在的事实，归纳出它们的共同属性来证实自己的观点，或是通过某个故事、寓意、数据来说明自己的观点。•第三段•通过演绎、概括、归纳，或得出结论，或总结出规律，紧扣文章开头的观点。示范TheHappinessOfReadingBooks•Peopleoftensaythatgoldandsilverarethemostvaluablethingsintheworld,butImustsaythattoreadbooksismorevaluablethananythingelse,becausebooksgiveusknowledgeandknowledgegivesuspowertoearnmoney.•Theoldsaying“toopenabookisalwaysbeneficial”sufficientlyshowsushowgooditistoreadabook.Books