Assessing the Future PerformanceCharacteristics of

AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEngines06/01/03盘灶地氏熔擅爆鸭腔夷范做肉兼酉瑰骨哀疲畴闹的蓄窄剔余竟方铭干瑚全AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesTopics1.Assessingtheperformanceoffutureengine-in-vehiclecombinationsa.Approachandmethodologyb.Resultsandinterpretation2.Discussionofkeyissues3.Rankingthevariousoptions06/01/03亏窜撮妥辅役弛店尾岸戎君搞琴修呢郑遵叹谤跃禄恐蛤猩栓幽撵怒榔樊握AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesTwoMITAnalysesofFutureAutomotiveTechnologies1.“OntheRoadin2020:Alife-cycleanalysisofnewautomobiletechnologies,“M.A.Weiss,J.B.Heywood,E.M.Drake,A.Schafer,andF.AuYeung,MITEnergyLab.Report,MITEL00-003,October2000.“ComparativeAssessmentofFuelCellCars,”M.A.Weiss,J.B.Heywood,A.Schafer,andV.K.Natarajan,MITLab.ForEnergyandEnv.Report,MITLFEE2003-001RP,苹师确彩定蓟川寝勉夏稚素牟咀盂伍器太辕褐痉皂捕烫畦酝侥黔千派酉旁AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEngines2020StudyObjectives1.Assesstherelativeperformanceoffuturelight-dutyvehicletechnologyandfuels,some20yearsfromnow.2.Focusonenergyconsumption,CO2emissions,andcost.3.Dothisona“welltowheels”basis:energysourcethroughvehicleuseandscrappage.4Assesstherelativeattractivenessofthesetechnologiesandfuelstoallthemajorstakeholders.5.Focusonfuel,vehicle,andpropulsionsystemtechnologyofaverageU.S.car.06/01/03加筒咎土碌板尿募敏杯袒帘截酿阮蓑寺靡靡川罢碍抉蠕鸥正虑绚凑议蒸蛙AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesStudyApproach1.Fuels-Assessfromavailabledataenergyconsumption,emissionsandcostsindeliveringfueltovehicle2.Vehicles-Usepropulsionsystem,vehicle,drivecyclesimulationtopredictsperformance-Evaluateasetofpromisingfuel,propulsionsystemandvehicletechnologycombinations-Matchattributesofcurrentaveragecar(ToyotaCamry)3.Totalsystem-Combinefuelproduction,vehicleproduction,andvehicleusecosts,energyconsumption,CO2-Usetemplates(listsofrelevantattributes)forallmajorstakeholderstoassesslikelyimpact06/01/03寞卑傀宣嚣疮杭形阻宦愉阑乃励士淡信鹊惺皆慢芬秽雾蚊袭桥挽顽慎球惶AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesTechnologyOptions1.Evolvingmainstreamtechnologies‧Vehicle:betterconventionalmaterials(e.g.highstrengthsteel),lowerdrag‧Engine:higherpower/volume,improvedefficiency,lighterweight‧Transmission:moregears,automatic/manual,continuouslyvariable‧Fuels:cleanergasolineanddiesel2.Advancedtechnologies‧Vehicle:lightweightmaterials(e.g.aluminum,magnesium,lowerdrag‧PowertrainHybrids(engineplusenergystorage)Fuelcells(hydrogenfueled;liquidfueledwithreformer)‧Fuel:gasoline,diesel,naturalgas,alcohols,hydrogen06/01/03旋襟素试络贼捏嘴素方毗派伸搂腥肿体叹紧弹谭损民或坞哈她皂瘤贵促亭AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesGasolineEngine:FuturePotential‧Spreadofrecentlyintroducedinnovations‧Additionalfrictionreductionopportunities‧Smartcoolingsystemsforenginetemperaturecontrol‧Cylindercutoutatlighterloads‧Variablevalvetimingandliftatfullandpartload‧Higherexpansionratioenginesforincreasedefficiency‧Variablecompressionratio‧Individualcylindermixtureandcombustioncontrol‧EffectiveleanNOxcatalysts‧Gasolinedirect-injectionengineconcepts‧Boosted/turbochargedengineconcepts‧Engineplusbatteryhybridsystems‧Etc.06/01/03暇冯多碾拢墙尖贞馁肌伏愉婿沂使鲍棉脖氏台凰胚扣溺炙疽绘翼牢锥笑党AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesCalculationlogic:ICE–batteryelectricparalleldrivetrainDrivingCycleVehicleResistanceLogicControlTransmissiionElectricMotorCombustionEngineBatteryFuelComsumption06/01/03姿陷砷矗佣体炼急垃贸孕需蟹筒耐憾祭索疡床嚼骚艾境鹅砚蛆煌胜哑傍那AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesICEngineModelandAssumptions1.ICengineindicatedefficiencyassumedconstant:-Current,38%SIengine;48%diesel-Future,41%SIengine;52%diesel2.Enginefrictionassumedconstant:-Currenttfmep=165kPaSIE;180kPadiesel-Future25%reduction,SIE;15%diesel3.Brakeefficiencyobtainedfromindicatedefficiencyandfrictiondata.4.Maximumtorqueandpowerscaledbyextrapolatinghistoricaltrends(e.g.20%increaseinmax.power)06/01/03治廓破菊凹易溢歪艺般芍赡渤弘颁肚卸从毯设禄思炽撒化奶皂闻绚绷抵偶AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesTable7.OverallFuelCellSystemEfficienciesNetOutputEnergy,%OfPeak100XNetDCOutputEnergy/FuelLHV100%HydrogenFuelGasolineReformateFuelComponentsIntegratedComponentsIntegrated510204060801007675746965615371717065615850465049464441364245444239373306/01/03此屋纱字怨郝恿涣橇民封谩洛肃讣若推钝贮憨拂呸魄孟豌坞册橙昼拂慕扣AssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesAssessingtheFuturePerformanceCharacteristicsofICEnginesFuelCycleEnergyUseandCO2FuelEnergyUseMJ/MJEfficiencyGHGgC/MJGasoline0.2183%4.9Diesel0.1488%3.3CNG0.1885%4.2F-TDiesel0.9352%8.9Methanol0.5465%5.9Hydrogen0.7756%36ElectricPower2.1632%5406/01/03擅认多扣城嘶娥沥赋昭蓬啸肩食狭求坯俺稀姬籍踢绊韩籍司倔稠谱啡俺焰Assess