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8A语法复习资料一、语法专题-形容词和副词的比较级(一)形容词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much,even,alittle修饰,其中even,much只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最……”,用于三者及三者以上之间的比较,用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……”①形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成a.规则变化之口诀:直接加;去e加;双写加;变着加b.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarther,furtheroldolder,elderoldest,eldest②形容词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法③比较级前的修饰语still,even,any,quite(abit),almost,nearly,just,rather;alittle,abit;much,alot,far,many;twice,tentimes,onefourth,twopounds,threeyears【小试牛刀】1.Ican'trunany____________(far).Shallwestopforawhile?2.Itisnotso(hot)todayasitwasyesterday,3.______________(hard)youstudy,____________(good)youwillbeatEnglish.4.--Whichdoyoulike____________(well),English,MathsorChinese?--Englishismyfavoritesubject.5.Ourcountryisbecoming_______________and________________(beautiful).Keys:1、farther2、hot3、Theharder,thebetter4、best5、more,morebeautiful(二)形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型①A=BAVasadj./adv.asB(与。。。一样)HeisastallasI/me.他和我一样高。Heisasgoodateacherashisfather.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。②A≠BAVnotas/soadj./adv.asB(与。。。不一样)Theydidn’tdoas/somuchworkasyoudid.他们干得事没有你多。I’veneverseenas/sooldacarasthis.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。③AB或ABAV比较级thanB(比。。。更。。。)Tomistwoyearsolderthanhisbrother.汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。Ourclassroomisbiggerthantheirs.我们的教室比他们的大。④表示倍数AVtwice/fourtimes/…asadj./adv.asB(A是B的两倍/四倍/…)Thisroomistwiceaslargeasthatone.整个房间是那房间的两倍大。Theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon.地球是月球的49倍大。⑤表示程度的递增主语V比较级and比较级(…越来越…)主语Vmoreandmoreadj./adv.(…越来越…)Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.白天变得越来越长了。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。⑥表示两种情况同时变化The比较级主语V…,the比较级主语V…(…越…越…)Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.=Ifwegettogethermore,we’llbehappier.我们聚得越多,我们就会越高兴。Theharderyoustudy,thebetteryou’llbeatEnglish.=Ifyoustudyharder,you’llbebetteratEnglish.你学习越努力,你的英语成绩越好。⑦主语beoneofthe最高级n.(pl.)in/of…(…是最…之一)BeijingisoneoftheoldestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。⑧主语V。the最高级in/of…(…最…)Annstudieshardestofallthegirlsinourclass.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。⑨主语V。the比较级ofthetwo…(…两者中较…的)Lilyisthetallerofthetwins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。⑩主语V。比较级thananyothern.(单数)in…(…比任何其他的更…)主语V。比较级thananyoftheothern.(复数)in…(…比任何其他的更…)Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetalleststudentsinhisclass.【小试牛刀】1.Itisnotso______________(beautiful)astheonebackhome.2.LiLinisnotas______________(active)asheusedtobe.3.Theairpollutionismuch______________(serious)inourcitythanintheirs.4.Thisisoneofthe______________(delicious)dishesinthisrestaurant.5.Judygotthe______________(many)newideasofallthestudentshere.(三)易错点讲解命题角度1形容词、副词的位置以及易混淆的形容词的用法1.(典型例题)This__girlsareLinda’scousin.A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish2.(典型例题)totakeadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave3.(典型例题)studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChinese1.英语中某些副词短语的意义和用法很重要。这类短语常见的还有:morethan,nomorethan,toomuch,muchtoo,byfar,morethan,more…than,nolessthan,notlessthan等,在平常练习中要加以注意。2.意义相近的形容词和副词的用法要加以注意:hard,hardly;deep,deeply;high,highly;dead,deadly;most,mostly;fair,fairly;quite,fairly,rather;almost,nearly;such等。3.多个形容词同时一个名词时,多用下列顺序:性质大小形状新旧颜色,有时也要看与名词的密切关系,越密切越靠近名词。多个词同时作前置定语时的一般排列规律是:代词性定语冠词/指/物主/所有格数词(先序后基)形容词国籍/材料/用途形容词或名词或动名词被修饰的名词。例如:acharmingsmallroundoldbrownFrenchoakwritingtable.训练:1Excuseme,butcanIborrowyourpencil-box?A.bluecheapplasticB.cheapblueplasticC.plasticbluecheapD.plasticcheapblue答案:B解析:最近的是材料,最远的是一般性描绘形容词cheap。2Mr.Evansis____wisethansmart.Fewpeoplecansolvesuchaproblem.A.nolessB.nomoreC.lessD.more3Whoeverhassenseknowsthatsmokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.A.normalB.generalC.ordinaryD.common解析:根据语境,“拥有一般常识的人”,用common来表示“普通的,平常的”。命题角度2形容词、副词的比较级结构;形容词、副词前面使用冠词的情况以及倍数的表达方法1.(典型例题)Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels__desiretogotobed.A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast2.(典型例题)Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch__shewasgetting.A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviest3.(典型例题)Thehouserentisexpensive.I’vegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandIpayinghere.A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimesC.muchasthreetimesD.threetimesasmuch总结:1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级前的冠词用法:形容词最高级前须加the,副词最高级前都可以。做表语的形容词前如果没有比较范围和比较对象也可省去the,比较级在特指意义时须加the,泛指时可数单数须加a/an.Most原级形容词的结构中,前面用不定冠词a,an或无冠词时,并非是最高级意思,most意思为“very(非常)”。2.形容词比较级的倍数表达方式:比较级修饰词asadj./adV.十as和比较级修饰词asmany/muchn.as.在“as...as”结构中,第一个as是副词,修饰形容词或副词,强调程度。当某些副词如so,as,too,how等用来修饰名词前的形容词时;不定冠词放在该形容词之后,名词之前。后一个as引导比较状语从句。表示倍数的三个句型是:(1)…timesas形容词原级as…例如:Thistableisthreetimesasbigasthatone.(2)…times性质名词of…例如:Thistableisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.3.比较级前可以用even,still,abit/little,much,alot,far,byfar,no,any等修饰,表示程度。最高级前可以有序数词,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike等来修饰。例如:—Isyourfatheranybetter?你父亲好些了吗?—Yes,muchbetter.是的,好多了。I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivelaptop.4.形容词副词比较的对象应该相同但不能相互包容。常用以下结构形式:比较级thananyother单数名词;比
本文标题:8A语法复习资料
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