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谓语动词的时态和语态动词谓语动词时态、语态虚拟语气非谓语动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词★动词的时态:、、、体时一般进行完成完成进行现在doam/is/are+doinghave/has+donehave/has+beendoing过去didwere/was+doinghaddonehadbeen+doing将来will/shall+dowill/shallbe+doingwill/shallhave+donewill/shallhavebeen+doing过去将来would/should+dowould/shouldbe+doingwould/shouldhave+donewould/shouldhavebeen+doing一般现在时的用法1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。every…,sometimes,often,usually,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Heisalone.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.3)表示格言或警句中。Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.4)表现在的状态、能力、性格、个性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.Hebelieveshecanachievehisgoaloneday.5)用在以(if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,themore----themore)引导的时间和条件状语从句中表将来•I’lltakepartinthegameifitdoesn’train.I’lllethimknowassoonashecomes.Themorehestudieshard,themoreprogresshewillmake.有时为了强调动作的完成,有些动词也可用现在完成时。Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Whenyouhavefinishedyourhomework,youcanplayforawhile.6)根据时刻表的安排将要发生的事件,日程一般不可变更,语气比较肯定,常用的动词有:arrive,leave,come,go,open,close,return,start,begin,end,stop等。Thetrainsarrivesat18:40.Theshopopensat8a.mandclosesat11.pm.7)以here或there开头的句子,说明正在发生的动作,谓语动词不用现在进行时,而用一般现在时。Getitready.Herecomesabus.Theregoesthebell.一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,justnow,in1982,…Istayeduplastnight,forIhadalotofhomeworktodo.Wheredidyougojustnow?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.3)有时过去的时间隐含在情景里,含有“刚才,在过去”之意,暗示现在已不再这样。Ihardlyrecognizedyou,Marry.Ididn’tknowyouwerecoming.(09,全国I)Edward,youplaysowell.ButI______youplayedthepiano.A.didn'tknowB.hadn'tknownC.don'tknowD.haven'tknown4)用在一些句型里:Itistimeyouwenttobed.IwishIwereabird.I'dratheryoucametomorrow.▲比较:一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckforsevenyears.Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)■一般将来时1)表示未来的动作或状态,常用will/shall+动词时间状语有:tomorrow,nextweek等等。I’llgotoyourcitytomorrow.2)bedoing,表计划的将来,常用动词有:go,come,leave,arrive等。HeisleavingforAmericaonbusinessnextmonth.3)begoingtodo,表示将来。a.主语的打算、意图,即将做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.表示“预测”,说明有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.4)betodo表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事,或表示要求、命令做某事,在if引导的条件从句中,表示一种愿望。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.YouaretofinishtheworkbyFriday.Ifyouaretosucceed,youmustworkhard.5)beabouttodo,意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意:示beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表明确将来时的时间状语连用。-Annisinhospital.-Oh,really?I_____know.I____goandvisither.A.didn't;amgoingtoB.don't;wouldC.don't;willD.didn't;will■现在进行时▲现在进行时的基本用法:a.表示现阶段或目前正进行的动作。Wearewaitingforyou.Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovelthismonth.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)b.表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,go,等,可表示逐渐,越来越。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.c.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.典型例题:Idon’treallyworkhere;I__________outuntilthenewsectaryarrives.A.justhelpB.willjusthelpC.amjusthelpingD.justhelped从第一句可知,我并不是真的在这里工作,由此判断我只是临时在帮忙一直到新秘书到来为止。所以它表示现阶段正在进行的动作。故C为正确答案。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某时段正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如:atthattime;at8o’clocklastnight;thistimeyesterday;when…Iwashavingbreakfastat7:30thismorning.Theywerehavingadiscussionthewholemorningyesterday.典型例题:-----“Sorrytohaveinterruptyou,pleasegoon.”-------WherewasI?------“You_________youdidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.”A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying■过去将来时:表示过去某一时刻以后将发生的动作和状态,常用在宾语从句中。thenextweek,如:YesterdaywedecidedthatweshouldgotoShanghainextweek.Shesaidshewouldwaitformeattheschoolgate.现在完成时构成:have(has)+过去分词。现在完成时常与一些时间状语连用,如:already;yet;just;before;recently;lately;等。1)表示动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响。如:IhavejustcomebackfromAmerica.Hehasalreadypostedmyletter.2)表示动作或状态自过去某一时间开始,持续到现在,常与since,for,sofar,upto\tillnow,in/during/forthepast(last)fewyears,等连用。如:Hehasbeenillsincelastmonth.Herfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.注意:含有瞬间意义的动词如join,die,leave,receive,buy,arrive等,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:HehasjoinedtheArmyfor5years(×)HehasbeenintheArmyfor5years.(√)Itis/hasbeen5yearssincehejoinedtheArmy.(√)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.(×)Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.(√)注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。用于现在完成时的句型1)Itisthefirst/secondtime….theonly---that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.ItistheonlydetectivenovelthatIhaveeverread.2)Thisisthe…that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。■过去完成时构成:had+过去分词1)表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻或动作之前,即“过去的过去”。在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIgottothestation.2)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,plan等,用过去完成时表示原本…,未能…“Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3)过去完成时的时间状语before,bytheendof,bythetime,when。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.注意:nosooner…than;hardly----when刚…就…NosoonerhadheboughtthecarthanhesolditHardlyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetelephonerang.■现在完成进行时:表示从过去的某一时刻始,一直延续到现在的动作。强调延续过程。如:Hehasbeenworkingattheschoolfor30years.他一直在这个学校工作了三十年。▲过去进行时与一般过去时的比较过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作。Hewaswri
本文标题:我的公开课动词时态语态
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