Chapter 3 语境与翻译

词语英译与语言语境根据语言语境确定原文词义根据语言语境选择译文用词根据语言语境消除歧义语言语境与词语感情色彩的传达词语英译与文化语境（非语言语境）根据语言语境确定原文词义英语水平Englishproficiency生活水平livingstandard游泳水平swimmingskillHousetownhouseicehouseblockhouselighthouseroadhousecoffeehousecowhouseslaughterhousesugarhousebeerhousebathhouseclubhousehenhouseteahousewashhousegatehousemadhousebirdhouseschoolhousegunhouseweighhouse屋府场厂库堡舍窝坊堂室棚房笼院处所台馆塔栈1.PassengersforWuhan,(请注意）.Flight1411,PlaneNumber274forWuhanhasbeendelayedduetomechanicalproblems.2.Allthesemeasures(着眼于）furtheremancipatingtheproductiveforces.3.Thedecisivemovein1994tobringChinaclosertoamarketeconomyinvolved(金融，财税、外汇、投资、外贸和粮价）手机刷新了人与人的关系。Cellphone（）therelationshipamongpeople.(refurbish/renovate)维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。Thebestwaytokeepthecloserelationshipbetweenfriendsistokeepclosecontactswith（）andmutualnon-interference.选择译文用词中国对于进入WTO的态度是积极的，我们为此已经进行了十一年的谈判。China'sattitudetowardstheaccessiontoWTOisapositiveone,andwehavebeenworkingforthatobjectivefor11years.我们现在正在积极地做准备工作。Wearemakingbusypreparationsforthatvisit.如蒙早日寄来样品或产品手册，不胜感激。Itwouldbeappreciatedifsamplesorbrochure/cataloguecouldbesoonforwardedtous.wewillbegrateful老王说，他没着了，真急啊！MrWangsaidthathewasattheendofhistetherandwasveryanxious!我们应贯彻、落实这个战略决策。Weshould（）thestrategicpolicydecision.金鸡鞋油：颜色有黑、棕、白、蓝。GoldenRoosterShoePolishcomesinblack,brown,whiteandblue.他谢绝赴宴的邀请。He（）aninvitationtodinner.如果发生创伤，最重要的是预防感染。Ifaninjuryshould（）,itisthenveryimportanttopreventinfection.我校目前尚未设博士点。Ouruniversityhasn'tyethadanydoctoral（）.消除歧义昨天看电影我没有买好票。Ididnotbuyagoodseatforyesterday'sfilm.这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。Thenationalkeyuniversityhaspreparedbatchesofqualifiedgraduatesforthesociety.语境与感情色彩的传递开来到南京路口的一路电车正冲着那对头风挣扎；它那全身的窗子就像害怕了似的扑扑地跳个不住。ANo.1tramrunningtowardstotheendofNanjingRoadwasbattlingwiththepowerfulhead-windanditswindowsrattlednoisilyasiftremblingwithfear.当前在农业生产中要狠抓施肥。Attentionshouldnotbepaidtothequestionofmanureinagriculturalproduction.炉子上的火苗，随着风向低沉的吼声一闪一闪的。Thefurnaceflashedinrhythmwiththeflip-flapofthebellows.文化语境形成了体育文化热Therehasarisenanintensepopularinterestinphysicalculture.好汉做事好汉当。Atruemanhasthecouragetoaccepttheconsequencesofhisownactions.a.寿终b.蹬腿c.逝世d.命归黄泉e.入土f.长眠g.见阎王h.暴毙i.牺牲j.超度k.归西l.咽气m.弃世n.去极乐世界o.没了p.了结尘缘q.安息r.自杀s.丢了命t.翘辫子u.走了v.崩了w.闭眼，合眼x.仙逝y.献身z.过了13.Tolaydownone’slife14.Toreleasesoulsfromsuffering15.Toabandontheworld16.Togotoglory17.Toendone’sday18.Tocometoaviolentdeath19.Tocommitsuicide20.Toloseone’slife21.Todieamartyr22.Tobenomore23.Togotosleep24.Topassaway25.Tokickupone’sheels26.Topaythedebtofnature表达中的选词1.Togowest2.Torestinpeace3.Toreturntodust4.Toleavethisworld5.Todeparttotheworldofshadows6.TogotoNirvana7.Todemise8.Tobreatheone’slast9.Tocloseone’seyes10.Tokickthebucket11.Toanswerthelastcall12.Toexpire修辞色彩俗语、成语、歇后语译者应在不影响指称意义传达的前提之下尽可能在译文中反映出原文独特的文化信息和审美价值。“假朋友”外来移民immigrant锄草weeding雅座best(comfortableorprivate)room（corner)高寒地区alpinedistrict高校collegesanduniversity儿戏triflingmatter红颜abeauty红榜honorroll编辑部editorialoffice指挥部commandpost外交部MinistryofForeignAffairs南部thesouthernpart太平门emergencyexit自学self-taught肤浅skin-deep九五折a5%discount