Lesson 01 Semiconductor Materials

《电子技术专业英语教程》Unit1IntroductionLesson1SemiconductorMaterials《电子技术专业英语教程》冯新宇主编电子工业出版社《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/302Lesson1SemiconductorMaterials•Backgrounds•Texttour•Languageinuse–Vocabulary–Structure–Reading/writingtechniques《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/303•Terminology–Conductor,Semiconductor&insulator–IC,ULSI–IMPATT,LEDBackgrounds《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/304Terminology《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/305•Ingeneral,allmaterialsmaybeclassifiedinthreemajorcategories—conductors,semiconductors,andinsulators-dependingupontheirabilitytoconductanelectriccurrent.通常，根据材料导电性能的不同，可分为三种类型—导体，半导体和绝缘体。Conductor,Semiconductor&insulator《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/306•Thematerialsmostoftenusedinsemiconductordevicesaregermaniumandsilicon.Silicon(Si)andgermanium(Ge)widelyusedelementalsemiconductors.•通常用于半导体器件的半导体材料是锗和硅，它们是应用最广的半导体材料。Conductor,Semiconductor&insulator《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/307•Theintegratedcircuitisagroupoftransistorsmanufacturedfromasinglepieceofmaterialandconnectedtogetherinternally,withoutextrawiring.IntegratedcircuitsarealsocalledICsorchips.•集成电路就是一组用单片材料制造的，内部互联的（无外部连线）晶体管。集成电路也叫IC或者芯片。IC,ULSI《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/308•Large-scaleintegration(LSI)cametorefertothecreationofintegratedcircuitsthathadpreviouslybeenmadefrommultiplediscretecomponents.•ULSI：UltraLarge-scaleIntegration特大规模集成电路•ULSIcircuitscancontain107-109transistors.IC,ULSI《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/309IMPATT,LED•AnIMPATTdiode(ImpactIonizationAvalancheTransit-Time)isaformofhighpowerdiodeusedinhigh-frequencyelectronicsandmicrowavedevices.Theyoperateatfrequenciesbetweenabout3and100GHzormore•碰撞雪崩渡越时间二极管用于高频率电子和微波器件中。它们的工作频率通常3-100兆赫兹以上。《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3010IMPATT,LED•LED（LightEmittingDiode),itcanbedirectlychangethephoticsignalintotheelectricsignal.•发光二极管可以把光信号直接转换成电信号。《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3011•Outline–Overview(para.1,2,3,4,5)–Siliconmaterial(para.6,7,8)–Germaniummaterial(para.9,10,11,12)–Theothersemiconductormaterials(para.6,7,8,9)Texttour《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3012•Siliconmaterialisthesecondmostabundantelementonearth•Semiconductordevices…•siliconwafer…Siliconmaterialapieceofsiliconwafer《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3013•Thefirsttransistor…•Germanium,…Germaniummaterialthefirsttransistor《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3014•GaAsisalsowidelyusedinhigh-speeddevices•SiChasfoundsomeapplicationastherawmaterialTheOthersemiconductormaterials《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3015•Vocabulary–conductivity,periodic,versatile,myriad•Structure•Reading/writingtechniquesLanguageinuse《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3016Vocabulary《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3017•Theabilityorpowertoconductortransmitheat,electricity,orsound.传导性：传导热、电、或声音的能力或能量•Theconductanceofamaterial.材料的传导性PhysiologyTheconductibilityofastructure,especiallytheabilityofanervetotransmitawaveofexcitation.•【生理学】传导性：组织的传导性，尤指神经对兴奋的传导能力Conductivityindictionary《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3018Conductivityintext•Theconductivityofasemiconductormaterialcanbevariedunderanexternalelectricalfield..•半导体的导电性能在外部电场的作用下是变化的。《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3019Conductivityinuse•Resistively，Conductivity–resistively电阻率–conductivity电导率•Thesemiconductorisamaterialwhoseresistivityisbetweenthatofconductorsandinsulators,andwhoseresistivitycansometimesbechangedbylight,anelectricfieldoramagneticfield.半导体是一种电阻率介于导体与绝缘体之间的材料,其电阻率有时会受光、电场或磁场的影响而变化。《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3020•Havingormarkedbyrepeatedcycles.周期的，周期性的：循环往复的或以此为特征的•Happeningorappearingatregularintervals.定时的：在一定间歇期出现或发生的•Recurringorreappearingfromtimetotime;intermittent.间歇性的：不时重复发生或出现的；间歇的•Characterizedbyperiodicsentences.完句的：以循环句子为特征的Periodicindictionary《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3021Periodicintext•Aportionoftheperiodictablerelatedtosemiconductors.•半导体化学元素周期表的一部分。《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3022•Theseadjectivesallmeanrecurringorreappearingnowandthen.Somethingperiodicoccursatregularoratleastgenerallypredictableintervals:这些副词都意为不时重复出现的。某物为periodic，是指发生在有规律的或至少通常可预料的间歇里：•periodicfeelingsofanxiety.周期性焦虑。Periodicinuse《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3023•Capableofdoingmanythingscompetently.多才多艺的•Havingvariedusesorservingmanyfunctions:多用途的或者多功能的：•Themostversatileofvegetablesisthetomato蔬菜中用途最广的是西红柿•Variableorinconstant;changeable:反复无常的；易变的：Versatileindictionary《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3024•Devicesmadefromsemiconductormaterialsaresmallbutversatileunitsthatcanperformanamazingvarietyofcontrolfunctionsinelectronicequipment.•由半导体材料制成的电子器件非常微小，利用半导体材料的性质可以制造出功能多样的半导体器件。Versatileintext《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3025Versatileinuse•Versatile，all-around，many-sided，multifaceted，multifarious•Thecentralmeaningsharedbytheseadjectivesis“havingmanyaspects,uses,orabilities”:这些形容词所共有的意思是“具有许多的方面、用途或者能力”：–aversatilewriter;多才多艺的作家；–anall-aroundathlete;全能运动员；《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3026Versatileinuse–amany-sidedsubject;多个主题；–amultifacetedundertaking;多方面的事业；multifariousinterests.–多种爱好《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3027•Constitutingaverylarge,indefinitenumber;innumerable:无数的；数不清的：由极大且无限的数量构成的；无数的：•themyriadfishintheocean.海洋中数不胜数的鱼•Composedofnumerousdiverseelementsorfacets:多种的，各式各样的：由无数不同的成分组成的：•themyriadlifeofthemetropolis.大城市多姿多彩的生活Myriadindictionary《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3028•Siliconisfoundinmyriadcompoundsinnatureandindustry.•在自然界和工业的许多化合物中均发现有硅成份组成。。Myriadintext《电子技术专业英语教程》2020/1/3029•Throughoutmosto