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Chapter5Business-to-BusinessStrategies:FromElectronicDataInterchangetoElectronicCommerce企业间电子商务战略(B2B)从EDI到电子商务2电子商务VS传统商务传统商务B2BC2CB2CLearningObjectives学习目标Inthischapter,youwilllearnabout:•Strategiesthatbusinessesusetoimprovepurchasing,logistics,andothersupportactivities改进采购、物流和其他支持活动的业务战略;•Electronicdatainterchange,howitworks,andhowbusinessesaremovingittotheInternet•电子数据交换(EDI)及其工作原理;•HowbusinessesaremovingelectronicdatainterchangeoperationstotheInternet•企业在互联网上开展EDI的方式;LearningObjectives学习目标•SupplychainmanagementandhowbusinessesareusingtheInternetandWebtechnologiestoimproveit供应链管理及企业用互联网和WWW技术改进供应链管理的方法;•Electronicmarketplacesandportalsthatmakepurchase-salenegotiationseasierandmoreefficient提高采购与销售业务效率的电子集市与门户。Purchasing,Logistics,andSupportActivities采购—物流—支持活动•Electroniccommercepossessesthepotentialforcostreductionandbusinessprocessimprovementinpurchasing,logistics,andsupportactivities.在采购—物流—支持活动过程中,为了节省的成本和对业务流程的改进,电子商务发挥了巨大的潜力。•Anemergingcharacteristicofpurchasing,logistics,andsupportactivitiesisthattheyneedtobeflexible.•采购—物流—支持活动的一个新特征就是要求这些活动具备灵活性。5.2.1PurchasingActivities采购活动•Purchasingactivitiesinclude:采购活动包括:–Identifyingvendors寻找卖主–Evaluatingvendors评估卖主–Selectingspecificproducts选择特定产品–Placingorders发送订单–Resolvinganyissuesthatariseafterreceivingtheorderedgoodsandservices–解决收货后出现的问题PurchasingActivities采购活动•Procurementincludesallpurchasingactivities,plusthemonitoringofallelementsofpurchasetransactions.“采购”一词涵盖所有购买活动以及对购买过程中所有活动的监控•ByusingaWebsitetoprocessorders,thevendorsinthismarketcansavethecostofprintingandshippingcatalogsandthecostofhandlingtelephoneorders.在网络上处理订单可以让供应商节省印刷与邮寄产品目录的成本和处理电话订购的成本。PurchasingActivities采购活动PurchasingActivities采购活动•Productsthatcompaniesbuyonarecurringbasisarecalledmaintenance,repair,andoperating(MRO)supplies.很多企业经常性地采购的那些间接物料称为MRO产品•(办公用品集中采购)•TwoofthelargestMROsuppliersintheworldareMcMaster-CarrandW.W.Grainger.McMaster-Carr公司andW.W.Grainger公司是世界上最大的MRO供应商。•OfficeDepotandStaplesarealsoexamplesinthisarea.OfficeDepot公司andStaples公司在这一领域都是成功范例PurchasingActivities采购活动•Businessesmakeadistinctionbetweendirectandindirectmaterials.•企业认为直接物料与间接物料完全不同•Directmaterialsarethosematerialsthatbecomepartofthefinishedproduct.•直接物料是指在生产过程中进入成品的物料;•Indirectmaterialsareallothermaterialsthatthecompanypurchases.•间接物料是公司采购的其他物料5.2.3LogisticActivities物流活动•Theclassicobjectiveoflogisticsistoprovidetherightgoodsintherightquantitiesintherightplaceattherighttime.物流以前的目标是在正确时间将正确数量的正确物品送到正确地点。•Businesseshavebeenincreasingtheiruseofinformationtechnologytoachievethisobjective.企业是通过加强信息技术的应用来实现这个目标。•FedExandUPShavefreighttrackingWebpagesavailabletotheircustomers.•联邦快递公司(FedEx)和联合包裹公司(UPS)已为顾客提供了网站上货运跟踪。5.2.4SupportActivities支持活动•OnlineBenefitsisafirmthatduplicatesitsclients’humanresourcefunctionsonasecureWebsitethatisaccessibletoclients’employees.OnlineBenefits帮助一家公司将该公司客户的人力资源职能复制在加密的网站上,实现客户的员工可访问此网站。•Supportactivitiesinclude:支持活动包括:–Financeandadministration财务与行政管理–Humanresources人力资源–Technologydevelopment技术开发TrainingandKnowledgeManagement培训与知识管理•Onecommonactivitythatunderliesmultipleprimaryactivitiesistraining.支持多种关键活动的一个常见活动就是培训。•Knowledgemanagementisanothersupportactivitythatintentionallycollects,classifies,anddisseminatesinformationaboutacompany,itsproducts,anditsprocesses.知识管理是专门收集、分类和发布有关企业、产品和业务流程的信息。•BroadVisionhasinstalledK-Net,orKnowledgeNetwork,thatorganizesalltheinformationsourcesthatitsemployeesuseregularlyintheirjobs.•宏道(BroadVision)公司的内部知识网(K-Net)将自己员工在工作中经常使用的信息源组织起来。5.2.5E-Government电子政务•Althoughgovernmentsdonottypicallysellproductsorservicestocustomers,theydoperformmanyfunctionsfortheirstakeholders.虽然政府并不向客户销售产品或服务,但他们要为利益相关者执行许多职能。•Governmentsalsoperformbusiness-likeactivities;forexample,theyemploypeople,buysuppliesfromvendors,anddistributebenefitpaymentsofmanykinds.政府也会进行类似企业的活动,如雇佣员工、采购用品、发放工资和福利。•Theuseofelectroniccommercebygovernmentsandgovernmentagenciestoperformthesefunctionisoftencallede-government.•政府及其机构利用电子商务执行这些职能称为电子政务。E-Government电子政务•TheU.S.government’sFinancialManagementService(FMS)openeditsWebsite,Pay.gov.2000年,美国政府的财政管理局(FMS)建立了Pay.gov网站•FMSisresponsibleforreceivingthegovernment’stax,license,andotherfeerevenue.FMS部门主要负责接收政府的税费收入,•FMSisresponsibleforpayingoutSocialSecuritybenefits,veteransbenefits,taxrefunds,andotherdisbursements.FMS部门并负责发放社保金、退休金、退税及其他支出。•StategovernmentsarealsocreatingtheirownWebsitesforconductingbusinessandinteractingwiththeirstakeholders.州政府也建立网站开展业务并与利益相关者沟通。E-Government电子政务5.2.6NetworkModelofEconomicOrganization经济组织的网络模式•Thetrendinpurchasing,logistics,andsupportactivitiesisashiftawayfromhierarchicalstructurestowardnetworkstructures.采购、物流和支持活动的一个发展趋势是从等级制度结构转向网络结构•TheWebisenablingthisshiftfromhierarchicalformsofeconomicorganizationtonetworkforms.网站可以支持经济组织结构由等级制形式转向网络形式•HighlyspecializedfirmscannowexistandtradeservicesveryefficientlyontheWeb.•高度专业化的公司现在能够在网上生存并有效地提供服务5.2.6NetworkModelofEconomicOrganization经济组织的网络模式•TherootsofWebtechnologyforB2Btransactionslieinelectronicdatainterchange(EDI).企业间交易的Web技术却来自于一种方法——电子数据交换(EDI)•Theseemergingnetworkso
本文标题:电子商务chap05中文
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