穿层预裂爆破技术在突出危险掘进

I摘要为了对瓦斯事故进行有效的防治，本文提出了深孔预裂爆破抽放瓦斯的研究课题。深孔预裂爆破提高高瓦斯低透性煤层的瓦斯抽放率是具有广阔应用前景的技术难题，对防治煤与瓦斯突出、保障煤矿安全生产具有重要现实意义。采取理论分析、实验研究和现场工业试验相结合的方法，从分析钻孔周围煤层中瓦斯赋存和流动规律入手，综合国内外大量相关文献和经验，并结合试验矿井的具体情况和现场资料，提出深孔预裂爆破方案，并对工业试验的效果进行了深入的分析研究，提出了改进措施，为下一步全面开展预裂爆破抽放瓦斯技术措施提供理论依据和技术支持。针对具有严重煤与瓦斯突出危险的煤层巷道掘进过程中，煤与瓦斯突出综合检测指标经常超限，掘进速度缓慢等问题，提出了穿层深孔控制爆破防治技术，研究了穿层深孔控制爆破技术的作用机理，分析了爆破过程中煤、岩的压力变化情况和爆破影响范围，确定了巷道钻孔预裂爆破卸压技术参数和施工工艺。实验结果表明：利用瓦斯抽排巷道对掘进煤层进行打钻和预裂爆破，在一定范围使突出煤层卸压、排放瓦斯，可使原始高地应力场发生改变，并沿巷道掘进方向向前方煤体和风巷两帮深部转移，同时提高煤层透气性，使高压瓦斯加速排放，减少了突出势能，有效防治了煤与瓦斯突出和冲击地压，具有重要理论和实际价值。关键词：穿层预裂爆破；掘进工作面；突出危险；瓦斯治理IIIABSTRACTInordertocontrolgasaccidentsefficiently,thisarticlehasputforwardthetaskofresearchonthegasdrainagebydeep-holepresplittingblast.Asatechnologydifficultproblem,deepholepresplittingblastingincoalseamswithhighgasandlowerpermeabilitytoincreaseminegasdrainageratehaswideapplicationprospectandgreatpracticalimportancetopreventionofcoalandgasoutburstandthesafetyofcoalminingproduction.Usingthemethodthatthetheoreticalanalysisandexperimentresearchcombinedindustrialteststudy,analyzingofthelawofgasoccurrenceandmoving,summarizinggreatdealofrelatedliteraturesandexperiencesathomeandabroad,aswellasintegratingthecurrentconcretestatuswithrealfielddataoftheexperimentalmine,thisdissertationhasputforwardthedischargingschemeofdeepholepre－splittingblastinganddeeplyanalyzedtheeffectofindustrialexperiment,proposingtheimprovedmethods,affordedthetheoreticalfoundationandtechonologicalsupportforpre－splittingblastingdischarginggastechnicalmeasurewasoverallapplicatedinnextstep.Duringexcavatingtheroadwaywithhighriskofcoalandgasoutburst，thecompositeindexofcoalandgasoutburstoftenexceedinglimits，resultinginaslowexcavationspeed．Aimingatthisproblem，weproposedthetechniqueofusingdeepboreholecontrollingblasting．Inaddition，wenumericallysimulatedthedeepboreholecontrollingblasting，analyzedthevariationofcoalandrockpressureandaffectingrangeofblasting，anddeterminedtheparametersandblastingtechniqueforlooseningblasting．Theresultshowsthatdrillingboreholesingasdrainageroadwayforlooseningblastingiseffectiveforpressurerelieftoacertainextent，makingtheoriginalhighstressfiledchangeandmigratealongtheexcavatingdirectiontocoalbodyandthetwosidesofventingroadway．Inaddition，itcanimprovethepermeabilityofcoalseams，acceleratingthedrainageofhighpressuredgas，effectivelypreventinggasandcoaloutburstfromtakingplace．Keywords：Presplitingblasting;Stratapenetrationborehole;Prominentdangerousheadingface;GascontrolV目录摘要..............................................................I1绪论............................................................11.1问题的提出.......................................................11.2国内外研究现状...................................................21.3论文研究的目的和意义.............................................41.4论文研究的内容和方法.............................................41.4.1研究的内容...............................................................41.4.2研究的方法及技术路线.....................................................52煤炭资源开采现状及平煤集团深部主要瓦斯治理技术...................72.1国内煤炭资源开采现状.............................................72.2河南省煤炭资源开采现状...........................................72.3深部开采面临的主要问题...........................................82.4平煤集团逐渐转入深部灾害严重发生阶段............................102.5现有瓦斯动力灾害主要防治措施及效果.............................122.5.1开采保护层条件及实施效果...............................................122.5.2掘进工作面防突措施.....................................................132.5.3采煤工作面瓦斯治理措施.................................................162.6穿层预裂爆破技术是深部突出煤层掘进主要区域防突措施..............202.6.1深部开采瓦斯治理必须以区域瓦斯治理为主..................................202.6.2岩巷穿层预裂爆破是单一突出煤层掘进消突的有效措施........................222.7本章小结........................................................233预裂爆破增强煤层透气性的理论研究................................253.1概述............................................................253.2穿层控制爆破机理................................................253.2.1单孔条件下煤与瓦斯耦合作用爆生裂隙形成机理分析..........................253.2.2控制孔的作用............................................................283.3穿层控制爆破的卸压、增透作用分析................................293.3.1深孔控制预裂爆破卸压增透作用分析........................................293.3.2穿层深孔控制预裂爆破卸压增透作用数值模拟................................303.4本章小结........................................................354试验矿井概况及瓦斯治理现状......................................364.1矿井概况........................................................364.2瓦斯抽采现状....................................................374.2.1钻孔施工与封孔工艺......................................................374.2.2瓦斯利用情况...........................................................374.3矿井煤与瓦斯突出特征和规律......................................374.4突出危险掘进工作面现有消突措施..................................404.4.1迎头浅孔排放钻孔措施....................................................404.4.2深孔前探措施............................................................405工程应用及效果分析..............................................425.1试验区概况......................................................425.1.1概况............................................