65A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS

AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMS简体英文诗•Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.诗人用许多不同风格的诗来表达自己的情感。Inthistext,however,wewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。•SomeofthefirstpoetryayoungchildlearnsinEnglishisnurseryrhymes.孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。•Theserhymesliketheoneontheright(A)arestillacommontypeofchildren‘spoetry.像右边的这首童谣（A）至今仍然是常见的。•Thelanguageisconcretebutimaginative,andtheydelightsmallchildrenbecausetheyrhyme,havestrongrhythmandalotofrepetition.童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这使得小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多重复。•Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至有的看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。•Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。（A）Hush,littlebaby,don'tsayaword,小宝宝，别说话，Papa'sgoingtobuyyouamockingbird.爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟。Ifthatmockingbirdwon'tsing,小嘲鸟，不会唱，Papa'sgoingtobuyyouadiamondring.爸爸给你买个钻石戒。Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,钻石戒，变成铜，Papa'sgoingtobuyyoualooking-glass.爸爸给你买个小镜子。Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,小镜子，打破了，Papa'sgoingtobuyyouabilly-goat.爸爸给你买个小山羊。Ifthatbilly-goatrunsaway,小山羊，跑掉了。Papa'sgoingtobuyyouanothertoday.爸爸今天再去给你买一只。•OneofthesimplestkindsofpoemsarethoselikeBandCthatlistthings.像（B）和（C）这样的列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种。Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活。形成固定句型和诗的节奏。Somerhyme(likeB)whileothersdonot(likeC).有些清单诗有韵脚（如B）,但有一些没有（如C）。（B）Isawafish-pondallonfire我看到鱼塘在燃烧Isawafish-pondallonfire,我看到鱼塘在燃烧，Isawahousebowtoasquire,我看到房子向地主哈腰，Isawapersontwelve-feethigh,我看到人高一丈八，Isawacottageinthesky,我看到茅屋在天郊。Isawaballoonmadeoflead,我看到气球用铅做，Isawacoffindropdowndead,我看到棺材把死人抛。Isawtwosparrowsrunarace,我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，Isawtwohorsesmakinglace,我看到两匹马儿绣花包。Isawagirljustlikeacat,我看到姑娘像只猫，Isawakittenwearahat,我看到小猫带花帽。Isawamanwhosawthesetoo,我看到有人在一旁瞄，Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.虽奇怪，但也把实情报。（C）Ourfirstfootballmatch我们的第一场球赛Wewouldhavewon...我们本来会得冠军……ifJackhadscoredthatgoal,如果杰克踢进了那个球，ifwe'dhadjustafewmoreminutes,如果我们还有几分钟，ifwehadtrainedharder,如果我们训练的更严格，ifBenhadpassedtheballtoJoe,如果本把球传给了乔，ifwe'dhadthousandsoffansscreaming,如果有大批球迷助威，ifIhadn'ttakenmyeyeofftheball,如果我死死盯住球，ifwehadn'tstayedupsolatethenightbefore,如果我们头晚不熬夜，ifwehadn'ttakeniteasy,如果我们没有放松警惕，ifwehadn'trunoutofenergy.如果我们没有精疲力竭，Wewouldhavewon...我们本来是会的冠军的……ifwe'dbeenbetter!如果我们能干的更好！•Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,apoemmadeupoffivelines.另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。Withthese,studentscanconveyastrongpictureinjustafewwords.用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。Lookattheexamples(DandE)onthetopofthenextpage.请看下一页上端的D和E两个例子。（D）Brother兄弟Beautiful,athletic爱美，又爱运动Teasing,shouting,laughing爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑Friendandenemytoo是我的朋友Mine也是我的敌人（E）Summer夏天Sleepy,salty困乏，咸涩Drying,drooping,dreading干涸，枯萎，恐怖Weekin,weekout周而复始Endless永无止境•HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatismadeupof17syllables.俳句诗（Haiku）是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.它不属于英诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。Itiseasytowriteand,likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingtheminimumofwords.它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。Thetwohaikupoems(FandG)abovearetranslationsfromtheJapanese.下面两首俳句诗（右边的F和G）就是从日文翻译过来的。•（F）Afallenblossom落下的花朵Iscomingbacktothebranch.回到了树枝上。Look,abutterfly!瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！(byMoritake)（作者：Moritake）（G）Snowhavingmelted,雪儿融化了，Thewholevillageisbrimful整个村庄充满着Ofhappychildren.欢乐的儿童。(byIssa)（作者：Issa）•DidyouknowthatEnglishspeakersalsoenjoyotherformsofAsianpoetry-TangpoemsfromChinainparticular?你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗，AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。ThisTangpoem(H)isatranslationfromtheChinese.下面这首唐诗（H）就是从中文翻译过来的。•（H）Wheresheawaitsherhusband望夫石(byWangJian)王健Onandontheriverflows.望夫处，江悠悠。Neverlookingback,Transformedintostone.•化为石，不回头。Daybydayuponthemountaintop,windandrainrevolve.山头日日风复雨，Shouldthetravellerreturn,thisstonewouldutterspeech.行人归来石应语。•Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,studentsmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsoftheirown.有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。Itiseasierthanyoumightthinkandcertainlyworthatry!写诗比你想象的要容易，绝对值得一试。•I'VESAVEDTHESUMMER•我把夏天省下来•(byRodMcKuen)•罗德·麦丘恩（RodMcKuen）•I'vesavedthesummer我把夏天省下，AndIgiveitalltoyou全都交给你。Toholdonwintermornings当雪花儿初降时，Whenthesnowisnew.让冬天的早晨停住。I'vesavedsomesunlight我把阳光省下，Ifyoushouldeverneed以供你不时之需。Aplaceawayfromdarkness•在那远离黑暗的地方，Whereyourmindcanfeed.你的心灵会得到滋养。AndformyselfI'vekeptyoursmileWhenyouwerebutnineteen,那年你才十九岁，我就珍藏了你的微笑。•Tillyou'reolderyou'llnotknow•等你长大成人以后，Whatbraveyoungsmilescanmean.•才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。Iknownoanswers我不知道有什么办法，Tohelpyouonyourway帮你踏上你人生的旅程。Theanswersliesomewhere答案也许就在某处：Atthebottomoftheday.在白天结束的那个时辰。Butifyou'veaneedforlove但是如果你需要爱，I'llgiveyoualllown我会献上我所有的爱。Itmighthelpyoudowntheroad•它也许能帮你踏上旅程，Tillyou'vefoundyourown.•直到你也找到属于你的爱。