希望英语3(第二版)综合教程U4

Anxiety1.CharlesDickenssaiditwell:“Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes.”Hecouldhavebeendescribingcollegelifefromastudent’sperspective.Asignificantfactor(因素)inthisexperienceof“theworstoftimes”formanystudentsisanxiety.Certainly,there’snoshortageofthingstoworryabout.…ReadingATask2Nowreadthefollowingpassage.Markthedifficultparts,ifthereareany,andasktheteachertoexplainafterwards.BackHomeNext…Considerthefollowingissues:concernoverwhichmajortochoose,fearsaboutfittinginsocially,worryaboutgettingajobaftergraduation,testanxiety,concernsaboutperformingwellenoughtobeacceptedintograduateschool(研究生院),fearofflunkingout,theanxietyandlonelinessofhavingfewfriends,pressuresandconflict（冲突，矛盾）athome,financialworries,andconfusion（困惑，迷茫）overvalues,purposes,andthemeaningofone’slife.Toputitsimply,there’salotgoingon...andalotatstake（处于成败关头）.ReadingATask2BackHomeNext2.Eachpersonhashisorherownuniquewaysofcopingwith（处理，对付）tension（紧张，不安）,worry,andanxiety.Manyself-defeatingcopingstrategies(策略)(forexample,drinkingtoomuch,abusingotherdrugs,over-eating,orengagingin（参加，从事）othereatingdisorders（commononcollegecampuses),gettingangryand“goingoff”onroommatesorfriends,tonamejustafew)canbeconsideredattempts(尝试)tocopewithanxiety.…ReadingATask2BackHomeNext…Itisimportanttounderstandthat,eventhoughsuchstrategiesareultimatelydestructive,theindividualutilizingthemisrightfullyconcernedwith（与。。有关，牵涉）tryingtoeffectivelymanagehisorherworldasheorsheexperiencesitatthemoment.Thisneedtocontrolone’semotionallifeisbasicandtheintent（意图，意向，目的）todososhouldalwaysberespected.However,learningmoreeffectivewaystocopewithanxietymaybecalledforifwhatoneisdoingisnotworking,orisonlyworkingintheshortrun.ReadingATask2BackHomeNext3.SigmundFreud,thefounderofpsychoanalysis,consideredanxietytobeasignalthatapersonwasexperiencingsomethingthatinsomewaycouldbeconsideredathreattohisorhersenseofwell-being.Hefurtherbelieved（进而认为）thatthisfeelingactedasacatalystforthepersontoanticipate（预知）asenseofhelplessnesssettingin.Thus,thenotionofanxietyas“feedback”isanimportantoneandhasimplicationsforwhatcanbedonetohelpwiththisfeeling.Ineffect,ifonecould“givevoice”totheanxietybeingexperienced,itmightbesaying,“Payattention!There’ssomethingimportantgoingonhere.”…ReadingATask2BackHomeNext…Justwhatthis“something”is,isnotalwayseasytodiscern,especiallybyoneself.Thisiswherecounselingcanhelp.Counselors（咨询，顾问）areprofessionalswhoareattunedtothe“languageofanxiety”andmaybeabletoassistyouinyoureffortstomanageyourlifemoreeffectively.Gainingunderstandingofthemeaningofanxietyisacritical（关键的，重要的）firststepindevelopingeffectivecopingresponses（回应）thatcanmakeasignificantdifferenceinyourlife,bothnowandinthefuture.Thesecopingresponsescaninvolvedevelopingnewbehaviors,newwaysofunderstandingandexperiencingemotions,andnewwaysofthinkingaboutone’swayofbeingintheworld.ReadingATask2BackHomeNext4.Forsomestudents,theexperienceofanxietymayattimesbesooverwhelmingthattheyexperiencepanic(恐慌)reactionsandmaybeunabletomanagethetasksofdailylifeappropriately（适当的，合适的）.Biologicalfactorscanplayaroleinsuchreactionsand,insomecases,medicationcanbeausefuladjuncttocounseling.ReadingATask2BackHomeNext5.Anxiety,mostofuswouldagree,isanuncomfortablefeeling.However,asasourceoffeedbacktoyou,itcanbeanimportantavenuetoself-understanding.Andisn’tself-understandingpartofwhatcollegeisallabout?ReadingATask2BackHomeNext焦虑查尔斯·狄更斯说得好：“那既是最美好的时光，也是最难熬的岁月。”他或许是从学生的角度在描述大学生活。对许多学生而言，那段日子之所以难熬，一个重要的原因是焦虑。当然，令人担忧的事情是不少。……BackNextNextReadingA译文：……想想以下这些问题：为专业选择而困扰，担心是否能够适应社会，担心毕业后的就业问题，对考试感到紧张，担心能否考入研究生院，害怕考试不及格，为朋友少而感到忧虑和孤独，来自家庭的压力和矛盾，担心经济问题，对人生价值、目的和意义的迷茫。简而言之，许多事情正在发生……并且许多事情都处于成败关头。BackNextNextReadingA译文：每个人都有自己独特的方式来处理不安、担忧和焦虑。许多消极的处理方式（如酗酒、吸毒、暴食或大学校园里常见的其他饮食紊乱行为、发怒、疏远室友或朋友等等）可以被认为是应付焦虑的种种尝试。……BackNextNextReadingA……即使这些策略最终都有伤害性，每个人在感到焦虑时，运用这些策略正是为了有效地控制自己的情绪，明白这一点很重要。控制自己的情绪是一种基本需要，这种意图应始终受到尊重。然而，如果所采取的方法行不通或者只在短期内有效，那么可能需要学习更有效的方法来应对焦虑。BackNextNextReadingA精神分析法创始人西格蒙德·弗洛伊德将焦虑视为人在体验某种感觉时的一个信号，这种感觉在某些方面可被认为是对自己幸福感的一种威胁。他进而认为，这种感觉能刺激人预期孤立无助的到来。因此，将焦虑视为“反馈”是重要的，它有助于我们找到应对焦虑的方法。实际上，如果能让我们正在体验的焦虑说话，它也许会说：“注意，有重要事情在发生。”……BackNextNextReadingA……而人们并不总能轻易看出这件“事情”是什么，尤其是自己。这正是心理辅导发挥作用之处。心理顾问是精通“焦虑语言”的专业人士，能帮助你更有效地控制情绪。采取有效对策，对你现在和将来的生活都会产生重大影响，关键的第一步是理解焦虑的含义。这些对策可能包括，培养新的行为习惯、用新的方式来理解和体验情感以及用新的方式来思考人生。BackNextNextReadingA对一些学生而言，焦虑的感觉有时是如此强烈以致于他们会陷入恐慌，无法恰当地应付日常生活中的各种事情。生物因素在这些反应中能发挥一定作用，在某些情况下，药物可以是心理辅导的有益补充。HomeBackNextNextReadingA我们大都会认为焦虑是一种令人不舒服的感觉。然而，作为一种反馈，焦虑是了解自我的一条重要途径。而了解自我不正是大学生活的一部分吗？BackNextNextReadingAReadingATask51.Johnbeersincehesufferedfromseriousheartdisease.2.ThisexcellentgirlwassenttoMs.Louisintoherdemandforasuitablesecretary.3.Ifyouthinkthereisnotenoughtimeforyoutopreparethatreport,youcanrequireTomtoyou.4.Ifwelosethecontract,hundredsofjobsare.5.Weneedanimmediatedecisiononthisissue.CompletethefollowingsentenceswithwordsorphrasesfromTask4.Changeformsifnecessary.HomeNextBackhasgoneoffresponseassistatstakecriticalReadingATask56.Anearthquakehashitthecapital,causingamongthepopulation.7.Asanexperiencedmanager,heisable