动词不定式

动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“,有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。不定式的形式主动语态被动语态一般式towritetobewritten完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten进行式tobewriting完成进行式tohavebeenwriting用法：1.用作宾语(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.needtodolearntodoagreetodoplantododecidetodorefusetodobegintodostarttodotrytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodoStoptodogoontodotododoingforget忘记要做某事忘记曾经做过某事remember记得要去做某事记得做过某事stop停下来去做另一件事停止正在做的事try努力去做某事试着去做某事goon接着做另外一件事继续做同一件事•1.Hewants______somevegetables.•A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)•2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.•A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)•3.Hefounditverydifficult______.•A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)e.g.IfounditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Ifeelitmydutytodoso.think,make,find,feel+it+adj./n+todosth.2.用作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.wantsb.todowishsb.todogetsb.todoordersb.todofindsb.tobelikesb.todowouldlikesb.todohelpsb.todo•1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.•A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)•2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.•A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)作宾语补足语不带to的情况：Letmedoit.Isawhimcrossthestreet.常见动词有：使役动词:let,make,have感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listento注意：感官动词即可接todo,又可接doing,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。•1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.•A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)•2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.•A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)•3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.•A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphim•C.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)•4.Iwasmade______myhomeworkintheafternoon.•A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)•5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.•A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)•6.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.•A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen(黑龙江省)3.用作状语(adverbial)：go，come，try，do/tryone‘sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。•1.Shewent______herteacher.•A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)•2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.•A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)be+happy,glad,pleasedangry,sorry,luckyslow,quick,carefulready,nice+todosth.be+形容词+todosth“结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。•3.I'msorry______that.•A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)•4.I'msorry______you.•A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)•5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.•A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)•在上述“too+形容词/副词(forsb)todo…”(太……而不能……)和“enough(forsb)todo…”(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。•6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)•Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(广东省)•7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)•Theiceonthelakewasn't______enough______people__________________.(广东省)Givemesomethingtodrink.Heaskedforaroomtolivein.4.用作定语(这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词,介词不能省略)•1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?•A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)•2.Ihavealotofhomework______.•A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)•3.Heisnotaneasyman______.•A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)•5.动词不定式作主语•动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：It’s++(for+sb.)+todosth.It’s+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant,`+(of+sb.)+todosth.clever,wise,kind,good,right,nicewrong,bad,cruelsilly,stupid,foolishcareful,carelessⅧ.•1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.•A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)•2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.•A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)•3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。•Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)•4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.•A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to(安徽省)•6.动词不定式的否定形式•动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.•1.MrBlackaskedtheman________thequeue.•A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)•2.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.•A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)•3.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.•A.have，nottobeB.have，notbe•C.be，nottobeD.be，notbe(内蒙古自治区)7.疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语,在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(主语)Idon’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.(宾语补足语)Thequestioniswho(m)toask.(表语)