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2018-11【英译中】【Passage1】NewdronefootagegivesaglimpseofthedamagethatHawaii’sBigIslandsustainedinthewakeofvolcanicexplosionsinrecentdays.Smokecanbeseenbillowingoffthelavaasitcreepsdownroadsandthroughwoodedareastowardhomes.Firesarevisiblewithterrifyingstreamsofbrightnessbreakingthroughthesurroundingareasofblack.Afteradayofrelativecalm,KilauearoaredbackinfullforceonSunday,spewinglava300feetintheair,encroachingonahalfmileofnewgroundandbringingthetotalnumberofdestroyedstructuresto35.从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中,可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后,夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延,直逼住家,岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火,火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后,周日又火力全开,将岩浆喷到300英尺高空,又侵蚀了半英里土地,共有35处建筑遭摧毁。Therehavebeen1,800residentsevacuatedfromtheirneighborhoodswherecrackshavebeenopeningandspillinglava.Inevacuatedareaswithrelativelylowsulfurdioxidelevels,residentswereallowedtoreturnhomeforafewhourstocollectbelongingsonSundayandMonday.Officialssaidthoseresidents–alittlemorethanhalfoftheevacuees—wereallowedtoreturnbriefly,andtheywouldcontinuetoallowresidentsinifitcouldbedonesafely.由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出,1800社区居民被疏散。周六周日,在二氧化硫浓度不高的被疏散区域,居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称,这些居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留,并且在保证安全的前提下,允许其他居民回家。“Thingsgotprettyactive,”anofficialsaidataSaturdaypressconference.“Theeightvolcanoeswereprettyactive,tothepointwherelavawasspewingandtheflowstartedspreadingsowegotadditionaldamageoutthere.I’mnotsurewhatthecountis,butwethoughtitwasjustcontinuingtogo.Fortunately,seismicityhaslaiddownandthevolcanoeshavegonequietnow.”Butofficialshadcautionedthatwhilethelavaflowwasquiet,itwouldn’tbeforlong.“Morevolcanoescouldopenup,theexistingonescouldgetactiveagain.”There’salotoflavaunderthegroundsoeventuallyit’sgoingtocomeup.”“这些火山变的很活跃,”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称,“有八个火山变的很活跃,岩浆喷出后,四处扩散,因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还不了解损失总数,但我们认为这个数字仍在不断攀升。庆幸地是,现在地震强度已经减弱,火山也开始平息下来了。”但是官员警告称,虽然岩浆流动慢下来了,但是不会维持太久。“还有更多地火山可能会爆发,现有的火山可能再次变得活跃。”地表下面有许多岩浆,这些岩浆最终会喷发出来。Theislandwasalsorockedbya6.9-magnitudeearthquakeonFriday,whichcausedlandslidesnearthecoast,butminimalstructuraldamage.TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS)saidSundaytheislandhadexperiencedmorethan500earthquakes–13withamagnitudegreaterthan4.0—inthe24hoursfollowingthe6.9-magnitudequake.But,theconcernforresidentscontinuestobethelavaandgasemittedfromvolcanoes.“Thelavaisdefinitelydestroyingpeople’shomes—wedon’thaveanexactcount–butitisadevastatingsituation.”HawaiiCountyheadsaidSaturday.“There’snowaywecould’vepredictedthis.”夏威夷大岛周五发生6.9级地震,导致海岸附近出现滑坡,但建筑物没出现什么损坏。美国地质调查局(USGS)周日表示,大岛发生6.9级地震后,在24小时内又发生了500多次余震,其中13次震级超过4.0级。然而,居民所担心的依然是火山喷出的岩浆和气体。“岩浆肯定还在摧毁人们的房子——我们目前还没有得到确切的数字——但情况十分严重。”夏威夷郡负责人周六称,“我们也没有办法预测到现在这种情况。”【英译中】【Passage2】JustasinAmerica,inBritaintoo,thestorytoldbyofficialstatisticsdoesnotalwaysmatchpeople’sexperience.ThatisespeciallytrueinplaceslikeNewcastle,aformershipbuildingcity,whichlostouttocompetitionfromAsiainthe1970sandhasseenlivingstandardsstagnateeversince.TheU.S.economy,wearetold,isbooming.比如,在美国,还有英国,官方统计数据和人们的感受并不总是相符,这种情况对诸如纽卡斯尔这样的城市来说尤为如此。纽卡斯尔此前曾是一个造船城市,20世纪70年代不敌来自亚洲国家的竞争,人民生活水平从此一直停滞不前。我们被告知,美国经济正快速发展。Inthepasttwoquarters,grossdomesticproducthasrisenbymorethan3%,thestockmarketissoaringandunemploymentisdowntoa17-yearlowof4.1%.Manypeople,though,don’tfeelthatupside.Theperceptiongapishuge.Unemployment,morebroadlymeasured,ishigherthantheheadlinenumbersuggestsbecausemanypeoplehavesimplygivenuplookingforworkorareworkinginpart-timejobswhentheywantafull-timejob.前两个季度,国内生产总值(GDP)增长超3%,股市飘红,失业率降至4.1%,创17年来的新低。但是,许多人感受不到这种经济增长。数据和人们感知之间的差距十分巨大。若从广义程度上衡量失业率,那么它则要比报纸头条刊登的数字要高些,因为许多人干脆不找工作了,或者在找工作时做着兼职工作。OneoftheprimefaultsofGDPisthatitdealsinaveragesandaggregates.Aggregateshidetheinequality.Andaveragesdon’ttellusverymuchatall.Barringafewrecessions,theU.S.economyhasbeenonanearrelentlessupwardpathsincethe1950s.YetaccordingtoaPewResearchCenterreport,theaveragehourlywagefornonmanagementprivate-sectorworkwas$20.67in2014,just$1.49higherthanin1964,adjustedforinflation.GDP的一个主要缺陷就是它反映的是总数和平均数。看总数的话,就看不到不平等的一面,而平均数根本没有什么实质性的信息。美国经济自20世纪50年代以来除了几次经济衰退外,一直不断高速增长。但皮尤研究中心(PewResearchCenter)的一份报告表明,扣除通货膨胀因素后,2014年私营部门非管理层员工的时薪为20.67美元,比1964年仅多出1.49美元。Studiessuggestthatpeoplecaremoreaboutrelativethanabsolutewealth.Ifthatistrue,thenasaminorityhavebecomericher,themajorityhavegrownmoremiserable.InafamousexperimentcarriedoutatEmoryUniversity,twomonkeyswereputsidebysideandgivencucumbersasarewardforperformingatask.Whenoneofthemonkeyswasgivenbetter-tastinggrapesinstead,themonkeyreceivingcucumbersbecamedistraught,flingingitsnowdespisedrewardatitstrainer.TheproblemswithusingGDPasabarometergobeyondmaskinginequality.多项研究显示,比起绝对所得,人们更加关心相对所得。如果事实是那样的话,在少数人变富的同时,多数人就得变的更穷。埃默里大学(EmoryUniversity)做过一个的著名实验,将两只猴子放在一起,每完成一项任务就奖励一根黄瓜。将给一只猴子的黄瓜替换成更美味的葡萄后,另一只猴子变的十分狂乱起来,并拿嫌弃的黄瓜砸向训练人员。除了掩盖经济不平等情况这个弊端外,将GDP作为经济晴雨表还存在其他问题。InventedintheUSinthe1930s,thefigureisachildofthemanufacturingage–goodatmeasuringphysicalproductionbutnottheservicesthatdominatemoderneconomies.HowwouldGDPmeasurethequalityofmental-healthcareortheavailabilityofday-carecentersandparksinyourarea?EventheBelarusianeconomistwhopracticallyinventedGDPdonotlikethefactthat
本文标题:2018全年CATTI二级笔译试题+解析(完整版)
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