体育科学研究的方法学探索_基于中国体育学300篇博士学位论文的调查与分析

:1000-677X(2009)09-0003-152009(29)9CHINASPORTSCIENCEVol.29,No.9,3-17,2009.体育科学研究的方法学探索)))基于中国体育学300篇博士学位论文的调查与分析SportScienceResearch:AMethodologicalExploration)SurveyandAnalysisBasedon300DoctoralDissertationsofSportScienceinChinaHUANGHan-sheng:博士学位论文在一定程度上反映了一个学科领域的新思想新方法新技术及其发展趋势在对全国12所高等院校的300篇体育学博士学位论文调查分析的基础上,归纳总结了中国体育学博士学位论文的方法学进步和方法学特征,揭示了其研究方法基本认识模糊写作不够规范表述不够详尽方法运用存在缺陷方法移植过于牵强方法名称缺乏一致等问题最后,从加强研究方法论素养,注重方法(论)学课程建设,重视学科前沿课程设置,增加跨学科课程内容,探索体育科研方法体系以及营造学术交流氛围等方面,提出了提高博士研究生科研能力和素质的发展策略:体育学;博士;学位论文;方法学;特征;中国Abstract:Doctoraldissertationtosomeextentreflectstheareasofnewideas,newmethods,newtechnologyanditsdevelopmenttrend.Thispaperinvestigated300doctoraldissertationsfrom12institutionsinChinaandsummarizedtheirmethodologicalprogressandcharacteris-tics.Someproblemswerefoundinthesedoctoraldissertations,whichincludedthatresearchmethodwasunderstoodvaguely,expressedirregular,useddefectively,transplantedtoofar-fetched,andwrotethenameofinconsistency,etc.Toimprovetheabilitytousescientificre-searchmethodsofstrategy,weneedtostrengthenthequalityofresearchmethodology,focusontheconstructionofmethodologycourses,emphasisontheforefrontofcurriculumsubjects,increaseinter-disciplinarycurriculum,explorethesystemofscientificresearchmethodsandcreateaatmosphereofacademicexchanges,etc.Themainpurposewastoprovidereferenceforthequalityofdoctoraldissertationandthereformofdoctor.sdegreeeducation.Keywords:sportscienceresearch;doctoraldissertation;methodology;characteristics;China:G812.6:A:2009-08-06;:2009-08-28:/0()(BLA060053):(1958-),,,,,,,Tel:[phone]:,350108FujianNormalUniversity,Fuzhou350108,China.1,,,,20,/0[27],,,,/0[14],,21,,,/0[35],/?60[40],/?0[41],/0[42],/?0[43],/0[38],/0[16],,3,()2004190,183[9,39,44,46],,57,27(47.37%);91,51(56.04%),,,,2000)2006,[24],,,2080,1985,,1986,,,1990,,/0,,,5656,,,,,,,2008,19(,1),26,3115,19912008,(1),199122008244,43.8%,2008100()199162008748,35.0%199112008199,54.8%,,1991120081821,,,,,,,,,,42009(29)9,,12,,,,,,,,22.1研究对象12300,/0,,10,Ò,200812,2000)200712342,,/0/0/0/0,/0/0,300(,148,62,84,6),2,,322.2研究方法,:;;,/0,,,,,,,,:11:(),1221:,20,;19(7710,200812),31:,,12300,;1941:,,,3,,12300,,3.1形成了人文社会科学和自然科学二元方法体系,,,,4,,,(1),[11],5:,,,,,;,,,,,,()PCR,,,,,1(n=300)体育教育训练学体育人文社会学运动人体科学民族传统体育学数量%数量%数量%数量%问卷调查法9463.52641.989.5233.3访问调查法5637.81219.444.800专家调查法6845.92946.811.2466.7实地调查法106.81219.400233.3个案调查法4228.41727.433.6233.3文献法12886.55791.956.06100.0实验法3322.311.68196.4233.3观察法106.823.200233.3逻辑法7148.02438.711.2466.7统计法8658.11930.678.3233.3比较法2315.52032.300233.3系统法138.846.500116.7注:调查法分为问卷调查法访问调查法专家调查法实地调查法个案调查法等进行逐类统计,,,,,,,,,,/,0,[25],,,,,3.2研究方法的运用体现严谨性和科学性,/0,,/020%,,,,:A,,;B,,;C,,;D,;E,,,,,,,,:1),,,,,,93.5%,,62009(29)9,,,;2)(),,,[15],(3),40(49.4%),,,,,33(40.1%),,,,,,,8(9.9%),/0[2],,,;,,,,33.3研究方法的综合运用能力明显加强,,,,,;,,;,,,,(4),5543,29.1%;4~6102,68.9%3~546,74.2%,19,1,,62,73.8%,,,62,,,,6,38142090,,,,,,,,,,,,370.0%(,390.0%),,,/0,,,,[26],(),,,,7:,,,,,,/0/,,,,,,,,,0[27]3.4善于引入新方法和利用多学科理论解决实践问题,,300,60,,,,,#/0,/,,0[50]6,,/0[28],,(2),,,;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,2具体方法的应用和手段的运用体育教育训练学行动研究趋势外推预测法录像统计观摩解析多维单目标线性最优化法资料三角测定法口语报告法专项实验测试软件开发设计层次分析结构优化设计生态系统数学建模计算机仿真图像分析结构分析评价法等体育人文社会学评价法田野作业口述史事实分析文化研究历史研究行动研究层次分析规范分析灰色关联分析法社会测量教育人种志录像分析教育观察等运动人体科学运动学动力学模型法影像测量计算机模拟测量词汇分析录像解析软件开发肌电方法等民族传统体育学实修体悟法文化比较法等,,,,,,,,Authorware5.0Attain(,HSD-MTS)[31];,[20];,[21];,())))))))))))))))))),2008[18],,,,,,,/0/0/0/082009(29)9,,,,,/,0,,,,,2005,,29,6:74639,,/,0[8],,,,,,,,,,,,,300,112(37.3%),,,[34],,,,,,,3.5文献吸收能力不断加强,资料加工手段日益现代化,,,,,,/0,/0,,,,196,65.3%(,),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5,,(5),130,(164),(157),(132)(132),110,50,3.3,,,,:62,64,7060,473,30;366,68;315,14;237,569:,,,109(82.6%)141(85.4%)121(91.7%),,135(86.0%),,InternationalJournalofSportsMedicineJournalofAp-pliedPhysiologyMedicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(SIRC),()()(),,,,,,3.6重视定性与定量方法结合,实证主义倾向表现明显,,,/0,/0,,,,##/:?0,,,,,,,[51],,(86,58.1%19,30.6%),,,,,,,,,,,,,20,,2080,,,,2090,,,[12],,,:;[13],,,,,,6,(6),,,,,102009(29)9,120,57%,6,4217,/0[37],/,,0[4]/)))0:/,,,0[47],,,,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,4.1研究方法基本认识模糊,,,[3,37],(methodology)(researchmethods),,,,,,,,,,/0,/0,/0,/0,,,4.2研究方法写作不够规范,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4.3研究方法表述不够详细,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,11:,4.4研究方法运用存在缺陷,,,,,;,,,/,0;,,,,,,,,,5,(68,26.5%)[4],,,,,,/0;,,/0/0/0,,/0/0,,,,,,,,,/-.,0[23],,,4.5研究方法移植过于牵强,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,4.6研究方法名称缺乏一致,,-,;,,,/0;,,,,,5,:/,,-.0[48]:/,,,0[17],,,,,,,,,,,122009(29)95.1加强研究方法论素养,提高博士学位论文质量,,/0,,,:11,,,56,,:(),(),(),(),(),:1):,;2):,;3):,,,;4):,;5):,,,,,()[52],;,,/0,;,,,,,?,,21,,;,;,,,,,,31,/(methodology)0,,,,;;,?,,,,/0,,/0,,,,,,,41,,,/0,,,,,,,,,,,,5.2注重方法学课程建设,提高方法运用水平,,,,,,/13:0,,,,,,56#,,,;,,[10]19,9(47.4%),,,SPSS,,,8,40%,2,10%,,61,,6170.7,12.4,17.5%,AM14,20%[1],,,,,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,20096,56[6]56,,;,;,,,5.3重视学科前沿课程设置,了解学科发展动态,,,,,,,142009(29)9,,,,/,,;,,;,,,,0[19]19,13(68.4%)/0/0,,,,,,5.4增加跨学科课程内容,拓展科学研究视野,,19,10(52.6%),,,,,,,,,,12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5.5探索科研方法体系,加强科研方法教材建设,,,,,,,/0/0,,:;,,,70%~80%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,200256,5,2008,,56,/0,,,;,,;15:;,,,,,,,,,,,5.6营造