BasicWineKnowledge葡萄酒基础知识

BasicWineKnowledgeOutline•GrapeVarieties•TypesofWines•OldWorldWinesTraining•NewWorldWinesTraining•FoodandWineMatchingGrapeVarieties葡萄品种Summary摘要•8,000grapevarietiesknownintheworld世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种•1,000grapevarietiesusedforwinearoundtheworld世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒•200traditionallyusedinItaly意大利大约使用200种葡萄•100traditionallyusedinFrance法国大约使用100种葡萄•50traditionallyusedinSpain西班牙大约使用50种葡萄•Grapevariety,amajorfactorinthetasteofawine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素MainWhiteGrapeVarieties主要白葡萄品种WhiteGrapes白葡萄品种•Chardonnay/霞多丽•SauvignonBlanc/长相思•Riesling/雷司令•Gewuztraminer/琼瑶浆(雨果）•PinotGrigio/灰品乐•Viognier/威格尼WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种•NativetoBurgundy源于法国的勃根第地区•Nowworld’smostfashionable&famouswhitevariety当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种•Creamyandfull-bodied口感柔和饱满•Whitefruitsandnuttyflavor白色水果及干果味Chardonnay霞多丽WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种•Bordeaux,centralLoire波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部•Crispacidity清新爽口偏酸•Freshandaromatic清新果香芬芳•CitrusandGrassy柑桔及青草味SauvignonBlanc长相思WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种•GrowninAlsace,Germany,SouthAustralia,WashingtonState,etc…种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿•Versatile(dry,tartwinetoSweetlate-harvestwine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）•Floralandmineralflavor花香及矿物味•Naturallyhighacidity天然酸度高•Atremendouscapacitytoage可陈年Riesling雷司令WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种•Alsace,Germany,Austria阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利•Complex,generous层次分明，特征丰富鲜明•Lychee,rose,spices,clovenotes荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味•TropicalFruit&Cinnamon热带水果味&肉桂味Gewurztraminer琼瑶浆•PopularinNorthernItaly盛产于意大利北部•FruiliandVeneto福茹利、维纳图•FreshandAromatic新鲜，芬芳•Lightcolor颜色偏淡PinotGrigio灰品乐WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种•NorthernRhône,Australia,California北罗纳谷,奥大利亚,美国加州•PrestigiousCondrieuAOC有声望的孔德里欧法定产地•Peachflavor桃子香•Verylowacidity酸度极低Viognier威格尼WhiteGrapeVarieties白葡萄品种MainGrapeVarieties主要葡萄品种Redvarieties红葡萄品种CabernetSauvignon/赤霞珠Merlot/美乐PinotNoir/黑品乐Gamay/甘美Shiraz(Syrah)/设拉子（西拉）Sangiovese/桑娇维塞Nebbiolo/尼比奥罗Zinfandel/仙芬黛Tempranillo/泰普妮洛•AclassicBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种•Full-bodied,tannic酒体饱满，单宁较丰富•Verycomplex,longevolution口味丰富，陈年长•Blackcurrant,violet黑加仑，紫罗兰CabernetSauvignon赤霞珠RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种•AtraditionalBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种•Suppleandround口感柔顺，饱满•Blackandredcherry黑色及红色樱桃•Chocolate巧克力Merlot美乐RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种•KingofBurgundy勃根第之王•Cherry,raspberry樱桃、覆盆子•Spicenotes稍带辛辣•Earthycomplexities泥土气息•Asilkytexture,littletannins丝般柔滑，单宁较淡PinotNoir黑品乐RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种•GrapeusedtomakeBeaujolais用来做博若莱酒的葡萄•Lightpurpleincolor酒体呈浅紫色•Fruityandlightintannins果香浓郁,口感柔和•Tobedrunkyoung趁年轻时喝Gamay甘美RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种•MostlygrowninRhôneRegion,France,Australia主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚•Richblackandredberryfruit,plum丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味•Gameandspicecomplexity丰富的野味及辛辣味•Richandfull-bodied口感丰富，酒体饱满ShirazorSyrah设拉子/西拉RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种•Piemontesegrape(Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种•GrapeforBarolo&Barbaresco酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒•Tannic,acidicandaustere.单宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉•Complex,full-bodied酒体饱满，口味丰富•Betteraftermorethan4yearsaging最好陈年4年以上Nebbiolo尼比奥罗RedGrapeVarieties红葡萄品种Q&A•请说出三种白葡萄品种和三种红葡萄酒品种•以下葡萄品种那种口感比较清新爽脆，那种口感较饱满ASauvignonBlanc长相思BChardonnay/霞多丽•PinotNoir黑比诺原产地为哪里？TypesofWine葡萄酒种类TypesofWine（Bywinemakingprocess）ChampagneCavaPort,SherryRedWhiteRoseSPARKLINGWINESTILLWINEFORTIFIEDWINEOtherSparklingwines葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）香槟酒加瓦钵酒,雪利酒红葡萄酒白葡萄酒玫瑰酒汽泡酒普通葡萄酒加强葡萄酒其他汽泡酒TypesofWine（Byservicesequenceduringameal）•Aperitif（Drysherry，Champagne,Drywhite）•TableWine(Red,White,Rose…)•DessertWine(Botrytis,Icewine,Port，LateHarvest…)•Digestive(Liquors,Grappa…)SugaralcohollowhighlowhighBeginningofthemealEndofthemeal葡萄酒种类（按用餐时上酒顺序）•餐前酒(干雪利酒,香槟酒,干白葡萄酒…)•餐酒(红,白,玫瑰葡萄酒…)•甜酒(贵腐酒,冰酒,钵酒,晚丰收葡萄酒…)•餐后消化酒(利口酒,果渣酒…)糖份酒精低高低高用餐开始用餐结束MainWineRegions主要葡萄酒产区OldWorld旧世界•France法国2*•Italy意大利1*•Spain西班牙3*NewWorld新世界•USA美国4*•Australia澳大利亚6*•Chile智利•Argentina阿根廷5*•NewZealand新西兰•SouthAfrica南非*Topsixproducersinvolume产量前六名国家MainWineCountries主要葡萄酒产酒国(Southernhemisphere+USA)南半球＋美国(EuropeanCountries)欧洲国家OldWorldVSNewWorld旧世界VS新世界•Integratemorethesoilandclimatefactors.“Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征•Longtraditionandhistory悠久历史和传统•Goodvisibilitytotheconsumers客人容易理解•Mainfactoristhegrapevariety主要根据葡萄品种•Consistentweather相应气候•Difficultvisibilitytotheconsumers•客人不易理解•Lotsofregulations很多规则•Toomuchstandardization标准太多•Notbeenproducedforlongageing•储存时间较短Oldworld旧世界(EuropeanCountries欧洲国家)(Southernhemisphere+USA南半球＋美国)Pros优点NewWorld新世界Cons缺点I.OldWorldWinesTrainingFrenchWines法国葡萄酒•Mothercountryforfinewines优质葡萄酒的故乡•Oneofthehighestlevelsofconsumptions:55liters人均葡萄酒消费高，55升/人•AOCterroirAOC产区的自然条件•Completevineyards酒庄众多•ThebarrelisaFrenchinvention葡萄酒桶由高卢人发明FrenchWineRegions法国葡萄酒产区Frenchvineyard:法国葡萄园900000hectares/公顷Mainwineregions:主要葡萄酒产区Bordeaux：波尔多Burgundy：勃根第Champagne：香槟BordeauxWineRegions波尔多产区Mainappellations:主要产区Medoc：美铎高地Graves：格莱乌Sauternes：索甸Saint-Emilion：圣爱美浓Pomerol庞马洛BordeauxWines波尔多葡萄酒•Leftbank:moresuitableforCabernetSauvignon,RightbankforMerlot左岸：更适合种植赤霞珠，右岸更适合梅洛•1855officiallistingofthebestwines.61crusclassesin5categories.官方列出最佳葡萄酒：包括5大类、61种头等苑葡萄酒•5firstgrowths:ChateauLafiteRothschild,ChateauLatour,ChateauMargaux,ChateauHaut-Brion,ChateauMoutonRothschild五大酒庄：莎都拉菲城堡，拉图城堡，玛歌法定产区，布里翁高地古堡、木桐罗希尔古堡•Rightbank:TopappellationsareSaint-EmilionandPomerol右岸：最高产区是圣爱美浓和庞马洛法定产区•Someofthegreatestwin